Jeffersonian Democracy

JEFFERSONIAN ERA

JEFFERSONIAN ERA JEFFERSONIAN DEMOCRACY LIMITED CENTRAL GOVERNMENT/ PRO STATES’ RIGHTS JUDICIAL POWERS STRENGTHENED TERRITORIAL EXPANSION INTERNATIONAL CHALLENGES

JEFFERSONIAN DEMOCRACY –abandoned aristocratic democracy –favored democracy by the masses –faith in the common man –strict interpretation of Constitution –favored a nation of farmers

LIMITED CENTRAL GOVERNMENT and PRO STATES’ RIGHTS –Repealed Alien & Sedition Acts/Whiskey Tax –Local Government most important County and state government emphasis "transition to the Jacksonian" –Slashed Government Expenditures military reduced –Army $4 to 2 million –Navy $3.5 to $1 million –reduced national debt (83 to 45 million) Condemned Hamilton’s financial plan –Yet still incorporated U. S. bank

JUDICIAL POWERS STRENGTHENED –Judiciary Act of 1801 (Jefferson repealed) Adams appointment of Federal Judges –Midnight appointment of Marbury –Judiciary Act of 1789 Compelled court to deliver commissions –Marbury vs. Madison (1803) Chief Justice Marshall concept of "Judicial Review" right of Supreme Court to determine the validity of laws (constitutionality) The courts had the power to nullify an act of Congress

TERRITORIAL EXPANSION –France forced Spain to relinquish claims to North American interior – Louisiana Purchase 1803 $15 million sold to US to fund Napoleon’s war effort –Mississippi to Rockies –divided later into 13 states –Lewis & Clark Missouri to Columbia River

TERRITORIAL EXPANSION

INTERNATIONAL CHALLENGES Barbary Wars $2 million to Barbary Pirates European Cold War (French/English) British - supreme at sea French - controlled land British - Orders in Council –all ships must port first in Britain French - Continental System –neutral vessels that observed "orders in council" would be seized

INTERNATIONAL CHALLENGES Economic War Embargo Act of 1807 all imports/exports prohibited American farmers/merchants suffered 1808: Embargo repealed Non-intercourse Act - Resumption of trade with all countries except France & Britain U.S. would trade with the country first willing to respect American shipping

Economic War Macon's Bill No. 2 opened trade with England/France as soon as one agreed to American terms... America would cut off trade with other French were first- Madison declared an end to trade with Britain

War of 1812 "Mr. Madison's War" fought to defend the rights of American shipping on the high seas fought to wipe out Indian Base in Canada Federalists & N.E. merchants against war War Hawks - young Republican congressmen nationalistic & outraged at "British indignities" War Hawks (including Clay and Calhoun) saw opportunity to take Canada with few British troops in N.A. because of wars in Europe

Highlights of the War of 1812 –1. British invade New York –2. Battle of Lake Champlain –3. Burning of the White House - August 1813 –4. Battle of New Orleans 1814 –5. Treaty of Ghent: relationships same as before war Napoleon - defeated Andrew Jackson emerges a hero –Jackson defeated Army that defeated Napoleon 2,000 Americans vs. 8,000 British