Laser IFE Program Workshop Naval Research Laboratory February 6 & 7, 2001 A. Nobile, J. Hoffer, A. Schwendt, W. Steckle, D. Goodin, G. Besenbruch and K. Schultz Overview of Los Alamos Target Fabrication and Tracking Tasks

Tasks to be discussed Foam shells - Evaluate alternate, advanced foam chemical systems Low-inventory methods for target filling - Develop low-inventory tritium target filling methods to minimize tritium facility inventory – void volume reduction and alternate filling methods Cryogenic target handling - Develop and evaluate cradle-to-grave production scenarios including fabrication, filling, layering, and handling of direct drive targets in a high-volume process Target Property Measurements - Procure and setup equipment to measure DT yield strength and modulus Target Thermal Response - Procure and setup equipment to measure effects of high thermal radiation exposure on DT-filled cryogenic targets IFE Target Fabrication Target Injection NRL Radiation Preheat Target

Target Fabrication and Injection Program Logic Flow Fill, Layer and Thermal Exposure Demonstrated Tracking Accuracy Demonstrated Decision on Baseline Direct Drive Target Decision on Baseline Direct Drive Target Baseline IRE Target Selected Pilot-Scale Shell Production Pilot-Scale Shell Production Engineering Design of Cryo Injector Fill system Demo Engineering Design of Cryo Injector Fill system Demo Continuous Shell Production Demonstrated Demonstrate Tracking Accuracy Demonstrate Tracking Accuracy Demonstrate Integrated Fill, Layer and Thermal Exposure Demonstrate Integrated Fill, Layer and Thermal Exposure Fill/Injector Demonstration Fill/Injector Demonstration Target Fab, Fil And Injection Demonstrated and ready for IRE Prototype Direct Drive Target Fabricated Fabricate Single Prototype Direct Drive Target Fabricate Single Prototype Direct Drive Target Preliminary Target Designs specified Preliminary Target Designs specified Preliminary Target Designs Specified (complete) Gold Overcoat for Rad Preheat Target Gold Overcoat for Rad Preheat Target Characterization Of Foam Shells Characterization Of Foam Shells Target design Work (NRL) Target design Work (NRL) Target Injection Accuracy & Track Target Injection Accuracy & Track Electromagnetic Accelerator Electromagnetic Accelerator Experimental Injector Design Experimental Injector Design Foam shells for Direct Drive Foam shells for Direct Drive Low inventory Filling methods Low inventory Filling methods Target Thermal Response Target Thermal Response Mass Production Layering Methods Mass Production Layering Methods Target Property Measurements Target Property Measurements Fluidized Bed MassProduction Fluidized Bed MassProduction Cryogenic Target Handling Cryogenic Target Handling Foam Shell Mass Production Foam Shell Mass Production Target Fabrication Tasks Target Injection Tasks Target design Work (NRL) Target design Work (NRL) Warren Steckle Foam shells for Direct Drive Foam shells for Direct Drive Anita Schwendt Low inventory Filling methods Low inventory Filling methods Art Nobile Cryogenic Target Handling Cryogenic Target Handling Jim Hoffer Target Thermal Response Target Thermal Response Target Property Measurements Target Property Measurements

Target Fabrication and Injection Program Schedule

Summary of LANL/GA target fabrication tasks HIB Indirect Drive WBS numbers from NRL HAPL FY2001 Implementation Plan

Summary of LANL/GA target injection tasks

Cradle-to-grave production scenarios must be developed to produce and handle targets DT Diffusion Fill Cool to Cryo Temps Evacuate DT DT Ice Layer Inject Manufacture Capsules Manufacture Capsules Cryogenic target handling - Develop and evaluate cradle-to-grave production scenarios including fabrication, filling, layering, and handling of direct drive targets in a high-volume process FY01 Deliverables - Prioritized plan for addressing critical issues - Begin Aspen Plus flowsheet development for capsule manufacturing facility - Report detailing the status of work on this task

Cradle-to-grave production scenarios – Manufacture capsules DT Diffusion Fill Cool to Cryo Temps Evacuate DT DT Ice Layer Inject Manufacture Capsules Manufacture Capsules Manufacture Capsules Goals: Establish capsule manufacturing plant feasibility Define capital cost, operating cost and waste streams Approach: Define process chemistry for manufacturing capsules Define type and approximate scale of processing equipment to manufacture capsules at the required rates (scaleup). Use commercial chemical process design software (Aspen Plus)  Quantities and types of feed materials  Other materials (solvents, purge streams, wash streams)  Energy requirements  Waste streams Develop target handling methods (sorting, separation from liquids, etc.)

The process for making mandrels in the laboratory will have to be scaled up for an HIF IFE plant (36,000 shells in about 20 min) Mandrel ProductionCureWashEtOH Extract Vac Dry at 60  C

Target fabrication process modeling to produce targets at capacities necessary for HIF IFE plants is underway  Uses existing PAMS/GDP technology that is currently used to produce ICF capsules.  Existing bench scale processes are being scaled up using chemical plant design software (Aspen Plus)

Cradle-to-grave production scenarios – DT fuel fill DT Fuel Fill Cool to Cryo Temps Evacuate DT DT Ice Layer Inject Manufacture Capsules DT Fuel Fill Goals: Establish fuel filling facility feasibility Define fuel filling concepts, DT inventory and approximate capital cost Approach: Define filling process (with General Atomics) Define fuel filling concepts  Fill system concepts, scenarios and real DT inventories  DT processing, storage, and supply systems  DT compression systems  Waste streams Develop target handling methods (how targets are placed and held in fill system) 1 wk (NRL IFE target) Gain vs. 3 He  for NIF Direct Drive Target What is gain vs. 3 He  curve for IFE targets?

Cradle-to-grave production scenarios – Cool to cryo temperatures DT Fuel Fill Cool to Cryo Temps Evacuate DT DT Ice Layer Inject Manufacture Capsules Cool to Cryogenic Temperatures Goals: Define cooling systems, cooling times, capital costs and cryogen costs Approach: Define filling process (with General Atomics) Define cooling methods (more important for diffusion filling)  Liquid cryogens vs. helium refrigerators  Single vs. multiple liquid cryogens (just helium, vs. nitrogen then helium)  Energy requirements  How are cryogens supplied?

Cradle-to-grave production scenarios – Evacuate DT DT Fuel Fill Cool to Cryo Temps Evacuate DT DT Ice Layer Inject Manufacture Capsules Evacuate DT Goals: Define pumping system concepts, evacuation times, capital costs and operating costs Approach: Define filling process (with General Atomics) Define evacuation methods  Evaluate pumping times  Effect of pumping times on DT inventory  Pumping capacity needed  Energy requirements  Is heat addition required?

Cradle-to-grave production scenarios – DT ice layer DT Fuel Fill Cool to Cryo Temps Evacuate DT DT Ice Layer Inject Manufacture Capsules DT Ice Layer Goals: Define layering system concepts, layering times, capital costs and operating costs Approach: Define layering process (with General Atomics and W. J. Schafer) Define layering details  Beta, IR, joule heating, fluidized bed, fall-and-strike, etc.  Layering configuration (is layering sphere required?, how is target held?)  Energy requirements  Mechanical manipulation of cryogenic targets before, during and after layering

Summary  LANL is addressing the following tasks in the NRL HAPL FY2001 Implementation Plan: Foam shells - Evaluate alternate, advanced foam chemical systems Low-inventory methods for target filling - Develop low-inventory tritium target filling methods to minimize tritium facility inventory – void volume reduction and alternate filling methods Cryogenic target handling - Develop and evaluate cradle-to-grave production scenarios including fabrication, filling, layering, and handling of direct drive targets in a high-volume process Target Property Measurements - Procure and setup equipment to measure DT yield strength and modulus Target Thermal Response - Procure and setup equipment to measure effects of high thermal radiation exposure on DT-filled cryogenic targets

Summary – Cradle to grave cryogenic target handling  Task (Cryogenic target handling) deliverables include: Prioritized plan for addressing critical issues Begin Aspen Plus flowsheet development for target manufacturing facility Report at end of FY detailing status of this task