Chemistry of Cells Agriculture Biology Mr. Bushman

Property of Atoms Matter Matter Anything that has mass or volume Anything that has mass or volume Atom Atom Smallest particle that can exist and still be recognized as a certain kind of matter Smallest particle that can exist and still be recognized as a certain kind of matter

Property of Atoms Element Element Matter that is made of only ONE kind of atom Matter that is made of only ONE kind of atom

Major Elements found in Plants Macro elements Macro elements There are 16 essential elements needed for normal plant growth There are 16 essential elements needed for normal plant growth These are needed in different amounts by the plant These are needed in different amounts by the plant

Major Elements found in Plants Carbon – C Carbon – C Hydrogen – H Hydrogen – H Oxygen – O Oxygen – O Nitrogen – N Nitrogen – N Phosphorus - P Phosphorus - P

Minor Elements found in Plants Potassium – K Potassium – K Calcium – C Calcium – C Magnesium – Mg Magnesium – Mg Sulfur – S Sulfur – S

Minor Elements found in Plants Boron – B Boron – B Copper – Cu Copper – Cu Chlorine – Cl Chlorine – Cl Iron – I Iron – I Manganese – Mn Manganese – Mn Molybdenum – Mo Molybdenum – Mo Zinc – Zn Zinc – Zn

Major Elements found in Animals Calcium – Ca Calcium – Ca Phosphorus – P Phosphorus – P Sodium – Na Sodium – Na Chlorine – Cl Chlorine – Cl Potassium – K Potassium – K

Major Elements found in Animals Fluorine – F Fluorine – F Manganese – Mn Manganese – Mn Molybdenum – Mo Molybdenum – Mo Selenium – Se Selenium – Se Zinc - Zn Zinc - Zn

Major Elements found in Animals Sulfur – S Sulfur – S Iron – I Iron – I Iodine – Fe Iodine – Fe Cobalt – Co Cobalt – Co Copper – Cu Copper – Cu

Compounds Compounds Compounds Matter that is made of more then one kind of element Matter that is made of more then one kind of element Organic Compounds Organic Compounds Compounds that contain the element carbon Compounds that contain the element carbon

Compounds Carbohydrates Carbohydrates Organic compounds that the living things use to get their energy Organic compounds that the living things use to get their energy Lipids Lipids Organic compounds used by organisms to get energy when carbohydrates are not available. Organic compounds used by organisms to get energy when carbohydrates are not available. Ex. Fats, oils, and waxes Ex. Fats, oils, and waxes

Compounds Protein Protein Organic compounds used for building body parts Organic compounds used for building body parts Nucleic Acids Nucleic Acids Proteins and CH 2 0 can be used to form nucleic acids. Proteins and CH 2 0 can be used to form nucleic acids. Nucleic acids control all activities in the cell Nucleic acids control all activities in the cell

Compounds There are two types of Nucleic Acids There are two types of Nucleic Acids DNA DNA RNA RNA Enzymes Enzymes Special kinds of protein that control chemical reactions in living things Special kinds of protein that control chemical reactions in living things

Proteins Cell Structure Cell Structure Cell membrane contains protein molecules Cell membrane contains protein molecules

Proteins Cell Structure Cell Structure Protein molecules help substances move into and out of the cell Protein molecules help substances move into and out of the cell

Function of Proteins Produced on ribosome‘s Produced on ribosome‘s

Functions of Protein Used to build body parts and cell membranes Used to build body parts and cell membranes Used in formation of nucleic acids Used in formation of nucleic acids DNA DNA RNA RNA

H 2 0 what is it good for? The importance of WATER! The importance of WATER! Living things are made of many atoms organized into compounds. Living things are made of many atoms organized into compounds. Approximately 70% of body mass is made up of water. Approximately 70% of body mass is made up of water.

H 2 0 what is it good for? Water acts as a transport system for nutrients and wastes Water acts as a transport system for nutrients and wastes Compounds that dissolve in water form solutions Compounds that dissolve in water form solutions Dissolves nutrients are trasported along with the water to where they are used. Dissolves nutrients are trasported along with the water to where they are used.

Properties of Water Cohesion Cohesion The polarity of water molecules cause them to cling to one another. The polarity of water molecules cause them to cling to one another. The positive end attracts to the negative end of another molecule. The positive end attracts to the negative end of another molecule. Ex. Water comes out of the tap in a stream not a spray Ex. Water comes out of the tap in a stream not a spray

Properties of Water Adhesion Adhesion Water molecules that are attracted to another surface Water molecules that are attracted to another surface Ex. Water attached to you after you get out of the swimming pool Ex. Water attached to you after you get out of the swimming pool

Water in Agriculture Water is a universal solvent Water is a universal solvent Nearly every substance will YIELD to the presence of water Nearly every substance will YIELD to the presence of water Ex. Rust, decompose, dissolve Ex. Rust, decompose, dissolve Water is clear, colorless, tasteless and odorless Water is clear, colorless, tasteless and odorless

Water in Agriculture Water is a major component of life. Water is a major component of life. Plants contain 70-80% water Plants contain 70-80% water Animal contain 75% or more Animal contain 75% or more

Water in Agriculture Water is a transport medium Water is a transport medium H 2 0 transports nearly all nutrients to plants and animals H 2 0 transports nearly all nutrients to plants and animals It reacts with chemical components to help break down nutrients or food into usable products It reacts with chemical components to help break down nutrients or food into usable products

Water in Agriculture Water as a regulatory agent Water as a regulatory agent Provides rigidity to cells allowing maintenance and shape due to osmosis Provides rigidity to cells allowing maintenance and shape due to osmosis Regulates body temperature in animals through perspiration and evaporation Regulates body temperature in animals through perspiration and evaporation

Water in Agriculture Water as a regulatory agent Water as a regulatory agent Tugor pressure of plant cells regulated through transpiration and evaporation Tugor pressure of plant cells regulated through transpiration and evaporation Limiting factor of both plant and animal production Limiting factor of both plant and animal production

Water in Agriculture Conservation and water quality Conservation and water quality Save clean water Save clean water Dispose of household products Dispose of household products Care for farmland, lawns, and garden carefully Care for farmland, lawns, and garden carefully Practice sensible pest control Practice sensible pest control

Water in Agriculture Conservation and water quality Conservation and water quality Control water runoff from fields, feed lots, lawns and gardens Control water runoff from fields, feed lots, lawns and gardens Control soil erosion Control soil erosion Avoid spillage or dumping of chemicals into water systems Avoid spillage or dumping of chemicals into water systems Proper maintenance of septic tanks Proper maintenance of septic tanks