Chapter 39: The Stalemated Seventies

 Sources of Stagnation  What three reasons were provided for the slump in productivity?  What lead to inflation in the 1970s?  How much did the cost of living increase in the 1970s?  What happened to the US competitive advantage in manufacturing? Why?  What liberal dream ended during this time period?  Nixon “Vietnamizes” the War  What was one of Nixon’s assets?  Describe the policy of Vietnamization.  Describe the Nixon Doctrine.  How did antiwar protestors respond to Nixon?  What were Nixon’s intentions with Vietnam?  Who fought in the war and what were the conditions like in Vietnam?  How did the My Lai Massacre impact citizens views on the war?

 Cambodianizing the Vietnam War  How had North Vietnam used Cambodia and what did the US decide to do about it?  What happened on the home front after the US entered Cambodia?  How did the government respond after Nixon sent troops into Cambodia?  Describe the contents of the Pentagon Papers  Nixon’s Détente with Beijing (Peking) and Moscow  Why was Nixon interested in Beijing and Moscow?  Who was Henry A Kissinger and what did he do?  What happened when Nixon went to China?  What did Nixon negotiate in Moscow and what era did this usher in?  Describe the ABM and SALT accords.  What did the US do even though they had agreed to the ABM?  In Latin America, how did Nixon demonstrate his anti-communist beliefs?

 A New Team on The Supreme Bench  How did Nixon feel about Chief Justice Earl Warren and his liberal decisions?  Describe the Griswold v. Connecticut ruling.  Describe the Gideon v. Wainwright ruling.  What is the significance of the Escobedo and Miranda cases.  Describe the New York Times v. Sullivan ruling.  Why were Engel v. Vitale and School District of Abington Township v. Schempp considered “stunning decisions”?  Describe the Reynolds v. Sims ruling.  What kind of issues was the Supreme Court dealing with?  What kind of people did Nixon want on the Supreme Court and who is an example of this?  What lesson did Nixon learn once he appointed a new chief justice?  Describe the Roe v. Wade ruling.

 Nixon on the Home Front  What welfare programs did Nixon expand?  Describe the “Philadelphia Plan”.  How did the Philadelphia Plan impact Affirmative Action?  Describe the Griggs v. Duke Power Co ruling.  How did critics respond to Nixon and the SC’s work towards equality for women and minorities?  What did the EPA and OSHA do?  How Nixon deal with inflation and how did this impact the world?  Describe Nixon’s “southern strategy”.  The Nixon Landslide in 1972  What happened in Vietnam during the presidential campaign in 1972?  Who did George McGovern appeal to and what doomed his ticket?  What did Nixon’s campaign emphasis and how did Kissinger’s work affect this?  Who won the election?  What happened in Vietnam after the election?  Describe the concept of “peace with honor” and what was the reality of this peace?

 The Secret Bombing of Cambodia and the War Powers Act  What did the American public discover in July of 1973 and how did this affect the war effort?  What did Nixon do after the cease-fire in Vietnam and how did Congress feel about it?  What happened in Cambodia after the US bombing?  Describe the provisions of the War Powers Act?  In what ways was American returning to isolationism?  The Arab Oil Embargo and the Energy Crisis  What did the US do when Syria and Egypt attacked Israel?  How did the policy of backing Israel affect America’s relationships with other Arab nations?  What happened in Congress during the “energy crisis”?  What end of an era did the oil embargo signify?  How did American’s oil dependence impact the future of diplomatic relationships?  How did the US attempt to counter OPEC?

 Watergate and the Unmaking of a President  What were some of the Nixon Administration’s dirty tricks?  Why did VP Agnew resign and who replaced him?  What did a Senate Committee discover about Nixon?  Describe the “Saturday Night Massacre”.  Why did Nixon say he had the right to withhold evidence?  What did the Nixon tapes reveal?  What did Republican leaders in Congress suggest Nixon do?  What did Nixon do on August 8, 1974  What did Nixon’s impending impeachment prove?  The First Unelected President  With what handicaps did Ford enter the White House?  What did Ford do that angered Democrats?  What did the Helsinki accords say?  Why were many Americans upset with Ford’s policy of détente?

 Defeat in Vietnam  How did South Vietnam fare when the US didn’t give them aid?  What happened at the end of the Vietnam war?  Did the US lose the war?  How much did the war cost?  What did America lose when it lost in Vietnam?  Feminist Victories and Defeat  What protest movement remained successful through the 60s?  What does Title IX mean?  Describe the provisions of the ERA.  What did Reed v. Reed and Frontiero v Richardson discuss?  What was the ruling of Roe v. Wade based on?  What backlashes did the women’s movement face?  What was the feminists most bitter defeat and who helped achieve it?

 The Seventies in Black and White  How did the ruling in Milliken v. Bradley blindside integrationists?  In what way was Affirmative Action controversial?  Describe Allan Bakke’s argument and explain how the Supreme Court responded.  What did the United States v. Wheeler ruling say?  What acts of civil disobedience were committed by Native American tribes?  The Bicentennial Campaign and the Carter Victory  Who did the Republicans nominate for the 1976 election?  Who did the Democrats nominate for the 1976 election?  What was Carter’s platform?  Who won and why?  What immediate successes did Carter enjoy?  Why didn’t Carter fit in well in Washington?

 Carter’s Humanitarian Diplomacy  What was Carter’s guiding principle in foreign policy?  What was Carter’s most spectacular foreign policy achievement?  In what two other countries did Carter enjoy success with foreign policy?  What troubles did Carter face when dealing with foreign policy?  Economic and Energy Woes  What did the US economy look like when Carter became president?  How did oil impact trade and education in the US?  How did inflation impact the elderly and small businesses?  What did Carter believe was the disease of the American economy?  What happened in Iran in 1979?  What did Carter do at Camp David in 1979?  How did Carter deal with the economic crisis after Camp David?

 Foreign Affairs and the Iranian Imbroglio  What was the purpose of the SALT II treaty?  What buried all hopes of the US ratifying the SALT II treaty?  While Iran held Americans hostage, what did the Soviets do in Afghanistan?  How did Carter respond to the invasion of Afghanistan?  How did the Iran hostage situation impact Carter’s presidency?  How did Carter attempt to deal with the hostage situation in Iran and what was the outcome?  How did the rescue mission prove anguishing for Americans?