Protein Synthesis Translation. DNA (genes) information copied to make  mRNA (transcription) Information in mRNA sequence used to put together  Chain.

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Presentation transcript:

Protein Synthesis Translation

DNA (genes) information copied to make  mRNA (transcription) Information in mRNA sequence used to put together  Chain of amino acids(protein) Proteins determine physical traits of organism The Big Picture

Translation: Why mRNA has copied information from DNA into “nucleic acid” language (A,U,G,C) Must be translated into “protein” language (amino acids)

Translation Building Blocks of Proteins Proteins are made of subunits called amino acids These subunits are comprised of : – Amino group – Carboxyl group – R group is different for each amino acid

Translation Building Blocks of Proteins 20 different amino acids make up all proteins Order of amino acids gives protein specific characteristics

Amino acids: Building Blocks of Proteins Peptide bond joins amino acids in proteins

Translation: The Code 4 letters in RNA: A, U, C, G 3 letters = code for each amino acid Codon = 3 base code for a specific amino acid

Translation: The Code 64 possible combinations (4x4x4) More than 1 code for some amino acids Start = AUG Stop = UAA, UAG, UGA

Translation: Where Cytoplasm of cell

Translation: The Players mRNA with 3-base codons Start codon Stop codon

Translation: The Players tRNA Matches correct amino acid with codon Anticodon Amino acid

Translation: The Players Composed of rRNA & protein Ribosomes assemble the protein Move along mRNA tRNA brings amino acids

Translation: Initiation Begin at start codon Assemble ribosomes ace/biocoach/translation/init.html ace/biocoach/translation/init.html

Translation: Elongation tRNA matches anticodon with codon in mRNA to bring correct amino acids to protein Peptide bonds are formed between amino acids ace/biocoach/translation/elong1.html ace/biocoach/translation/elong1.html

Translation: Termination “Stop” codon is reached Protein is released from ribosome Protein folds into 3-D shape ace/biocoach/translation/term.html ace/biocoach/translation/term.html

Many proteins can be translated from a single message Translation

The Complete Process online.com/objects/index_tj.asp?objid=AP online.com/objects/index_tj.asp?objid=AP1302

Transcribe & translate a gene Practice! nscribe/ nscribe/