Cold War at Home Aim: How did the Cold War affect life in the US? Do Now: Write down 5 things you remember about the Cold War.

Cold war review  Containment  Iron Curtain  Truman Doctrine, Marshall Plan  Arms race  Space race  Germany: Berlin Blockade Berlin Airlift  NATO vs. Warsaw Pact  Surrogate Wars: Korean War Cuban Missile Crisis Vietnam War

Looking For Communists  US defended democracy  Containment of Communism  Fear of spreading to America  American actions violated the civil rights of others  Communists were trying to destroy American political system  Actions were more subversive of American values and dangerous to the nation

HUAC  1938  The House Un-American Activities Committee  Temporary investigative unit to look into Communist activities in the US  Operated for more than 30 years  Movie industry: blacklisted many actors  J. Edgar Hoover, director of FBI, aided HUAC investigations

Smith Act  1940  Made it illegal for anyone to advocate “overthrowing…any government in the US by force” or to “affiliate” with groups who called for such action  1951 landmark case, upheld Smith Act Dennis vs. the US Dennis and 10 others in the Communist Party were convicted of advocating a violent overthrow of the government  1957 two cases weakened the Smith Act Watkins vs. the US: HUAC could not punish witnesses who refused to cooperate with its investigation Yates vs. US: only applies to those who teach or advocate direct action to overthrow the government

The Loyalty Program  1947, President Truman  Conducts security checks on thousands of government employees  Those whose loyalty was considered doubtful, were dismissed  1950s Robert Oppenheimer Helped to develop atomic bomb Spoke out against H-bomb Loyal citizen but lost his security clearance Barred from future government research

The Hiss Case  Alger Hiss  Former advisor to FDR  Communist spy  Nixon believed that Hiss was guilty  Convicted on perjury charges  Americans believed that were communists in the government

McCarthyism  Senator Joseph McCarthy- Wisconsin  Hunted for communists  list of State Dept employees were communists  Ruined reputation of many people  Some cases did win him support

Senator Joseph McCarthy  “Witch Hunt” for communists  public fear concerning the spread of communism  People were made to swear an oath of Loyalty to the United States I will find every communist in this country!!!!!! And I think your all communist

The Rosenberg Case  1950  Ethel and Julius Rosenberg  Morton Sobell  Charged with giving atomic bomb secrets to the Soviets  Convicted of espionage  Rosenbergs sentenced to death, Sobell prison  Executed in 1953

Congressional Legislation  Congress passed McCarran Internal Security Act  Law aimed at limiting the actions of anyone the government considered a threat to the US security  McCarren-Walter Act of 1952 Restricted immigration from communist nations Truman vetoed and Congress passed it over the veto

McCarthy’s Fall  1954 went against the army too  Televised this investigations  People saw the bullying tactics  Fall ended the RED SCARE  The term McCarthyism has come to mean: Use of methods of investigation and accusations Unfair treatment used to suppress opposition Violation of important constitutional liberties

Baby Boom