D2-4: The Respiratory System September 13, 2010

Genesis 2:7 The Lord God formed the man from the dust of the ground and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life, and the man became a living being.

I. Respiration and the Respiratory System Respiration is not the same as breathing! ▫It is only a part of the process. Respiration ▫The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between living cells and their environment. ▫Breathing: Inhaling and Exhaling or air ▫Cellular Respiration: The chemical reactions that release energy from food.

I. Respiration and the Respiratory System The Respiratory system is a collection of organs whose primary function is to take in oxygen and expel carbon dioxide. These organs include: ▫Nose ▫Pharynx ▫Larynx ▫Trachea ▫Bronchus ▫Lungs ▫Diaphragm

A. Nose, Pharynx, and Larynx Nose ▫This is the main passageway in and out of your respiratory system. ▫The mouth can also be an opening to the respiratory system, but is not included with it. Why? Pharynx ▫The passage from the mouth to the larynx and esophagus ▫This organ separates the “tubes” for food and air.

A. Nose, Pharynx, and Larynx Larynx ▫The area of the throat that contains the vocal cords and produces vocal sounds. ▫The muscles connected to the larynx control how much the vocal cords should be stretched. ▫When air flows over them, they vibrate producing an audible sound. ▫Video of Vocal Cords 

B. Trachea The Larynx actually protects the opening to the Trachea. The trachea is a tube that connects the larynx to the lungs.

C. Bronchi and Alveoli As air travel through the trachea it branches into to tubes that connect to the lungs. These tubes are called bronchi. (sing. Bronchus) One bronchus connects to each lung and divided into small tubes called bronchioles. These bronchioles connect to alveoli, which are tiny air sacs of the lungs where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged.

C. Bronchi and Alveoli

II. Breathing As you inhale and exhale, air is forced in and out of your lungs. Lungs do not have their own muscles to do this. The diaphragm, a dome-shaped muscle beneath your lungs, does this function. As it contracts and moves down, your chest cavity’s volume increases. This creates a vacuum, which takes in air. Exhaling is the complete reverse of inhaling.

III. Breathing and Cellular Respiration In Cellular Respiration, oxygen is used by cells to release energy store in molecules of glucose (sugar). As you inhale, oxygen joins with RBCs in your alveoli. RBCs carried this oxygen throughout the body. During the exchange in body cells, carbon dioxide and water is produced. Carbon dioxide is released as your lungs exhale.

III. Breathing and Cellular Respiration Now, how does our body’s cardiovascular system work together with our body’s respiration system? ▫Turn to you closest classmate to discuss. ▫You may use Figure 3 found on p. 46 to assist you with your answer.

Respiration Video 0&feature=relatedhttp:// 0&feature=related

IV. Respiratory Disorders Respiratory Disorders affect millions of people around the world depending upon living condition, their environment, or even their genes. The main disorders include: ▫Asthma ▫Severe acute respiratory syndrome ▫Emphysema ▫Bronchitis ▫Pneumonia ▫Lung Cancer

IV. Respiratory Disorders Asthma ▫This caused by the bronchioles narrowing. ▫The resulting effect may include:  Shortness of breath  Difficulty breathing  Asthma attack ▫Sometimes dust, pollen, and other irritants can cause asthma. SARS ▫Caused by a virus ▫A person may have a fever and difficulty breathing Bronchitis ▫Caused by an inflammation of the mucus membranes in the trachea or bronchi. ▫Caused by a cold or obstruction in the trachea or bronchi

IV. Respiratory Disorders Emphysema ▫Damage to the alveoli ▫Those who have this condition have difficulty getting oxygen into their lungs. ▫Caused by mostly by long- term smoking or poor living conditions.

IV. Respiratory Disorders Pneumonia ▫Characterized by a build-up of fluid in the alveoli. ▫If left untreated, a person may die or have sever brain damage due to lack of oxygen to the body. Lung Cancer ▫Due to heredity, living conditions, and long-term smoking, cancerous tumors may grow inside lungs. ▫Even with cancer treatments, many may often die of this cancer or other respiratory disorder that may result from this cancer.

Your Respiratory System God has given us this amazing system so that we can exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide in our blood. You will face the temptation to smoke, but just say no! Take care of your respiratory system. It is a gift with every breath you take!