1. The Respiratory System
Chapter 2 Section 4

2. Function The purpose of respiration: There are 2 parts to respiration:
To bring in and use oxygen
To release carbon dioxide and water
There are 2 parts to respiration:
Breathing (inhale and exhale)
Cellular Respiration- cells release energy from food

3. Breathing
INHALE: The diaphragm, which is a muscle under the lungs, contracts to pull air into the lungs.
EXHALE: The diaphragm relaxes and the lungs recoil to push air out of the lungs.
Rib muscles also contract to lift the ribs, making more room for air to enter.

4. Cellular Respiration Cells use O2 to release energy from food.
Our bodies use glucose (sugar) for energy
C6H12O6 + O2  CO2 + H2O + ATP
Glucose + Oxygen  Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy (Adenosine Triphosphate)
ATP is the energy our cells need for daily activities
ATP is produced in the mitochondria of a cell

5. Cellular Respiration C6H12O6 + O2  CO2 + H2O + ATP
Oxygen is used by cells to release energy from glucose (sugar).
O2 enters the lungs and passes into the blood to be delivered to cells.
CO2 leaves blood and goes into lungs to be exhaled.

6. Structure Nose- main passageway in and out of respiratory system
Pharynx- the throat. Used by both food and air so it branches into 2 paths: the esophagus (food) and the trachea (air)
Epiglottis- flap to protect trachea from food
Larynx- part of throat containing vocal chords to make sound when vibrated by air.

7. Structure cont.
Trachea- large tube serves as a passageway for air, aka windpipe.
Bronchus (Bronchi)- two branches at end of trachea to go to the left and right lungs.
Bronchioles- smaller and smaller branches of the bronchi
Alveoli- tiny air sacs at the ends of the bronchioles where air is exchanged with blood in the capillaries.

8. Diagrams