HUMAN BODYSYSTEMSHUMAN BODYSYSTEMS Blood and The Circulatory System

T HE H EART Organ made of cardiac muscle tissue.

C HAMBERS OF THE H EART The heart contains four compartments called chambers. The two upper chambers are called the right and left atriums. The two lower chambers are called the right and left ventricles.

Atrium Ventricle

Pulmonary Circulation – The flow of blood through the heart to the lungs and back to the heart. S ECTIONS OF THE C IRCULATORY S YSTEM Oxygen Poor Blood Oxygen Rich Blood Picks up oxygen from the LUNGS Oxygen Rich Blood DIFFUSION

Systemic Circulation – Oxygen-rich blood moves to all of your organs and body tissues, except the heart and lungs, and oxygen-poor blood returns to the heart. This is the largest of the three sections of your circulatory system. S ECTIONS OF THE C IRCULATORY S YSTEM Oxygen Rich Blood Gives Oxygen to Body Cells Oxygen Poor Blood DIFFUSION

B LOOD V ESSELS Arteries – Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart. They have thick, elastic walls made of connective tissue and smooth muscle tissue.

B LOOD V ESSELS The right ventricle of the heart is connected to the pulmonary artery (moves blood toward the lungs). The left ventricle of the heart is connected to the aorta (move blood toward other body tissues). Did you know? Your aorta is the about the size of a garden hose?

Atrium Ventricle Aorta Pulmonary Artery

B LOOD V ESSELS Veins – Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart. Veins have one-way valves that keep blood moving toward the heart.

B LOOD V ESSELS The superior vena cava returns blood from your head and neck. The inferior vena cava returns blood from your abdomen and lower body.

Atrium Ventricle Aorta Pulmonary Artery Superior Vena Cava Inferior Vena Cava

B LOOD V ESSELS Capillaries – Arteries and veins are connected by microscopic blood vessels. The walls of capillaries are only one cell thick. Nutrients and oxygen diffuse from body cells into capillaries.

B LOOD Blood carries oxygen from your lungs to your body cells. Carbon dioxide diffuses from your body cells into your blood. Your blood carries carbon dioxide to your lungs to be exhaled. Blood carries oxygen because of a special protein called hemoglobin. Iron in hemoglobin helps it to carry the oxygen.

B LOOD Blood is a tissue made of plasma, red and white blood cells, and platelets. Blood is 55% plasma, 45% red blood cells, and <1% platelets and white blood cells.

R ED B LOOD C ELLS

Red Blood Cells

R ED B LOOD C ELLS

Can Receive From Can Donate To A B AB O

B LOOD D EMO Blood group A If you belong to the blood group A, you have A antigens on the surface of your red blood cells and B antibodies in your blood plasma. Blood group B If you belong to the blood group B, you have B antigens on the surface of your red blood cells and A antibodies in your blood plasma. Blood group AB If you belong to the blood group AB, you have both A and B antigens on the surface of your red blood cells and no A or B antibodies at all in your blood plasma. Blood group 0 If you belong to the blood group 0 (null), you have neither A or B antigens on the surface of your red blood cells but you have both A and B antibodies in your blood plasma.