RUSSIA’S LAND FACTS What is the largest country in the world? What area has the largest supply of minerals in Russia? What is the largest forest in the world? What is the world’s largest inland body of water? What is the longest river in Europe? What is the deepest fresh water lake in the world? Russia Siberia Taiga The Caspian Sea The Volga River Lake Baikal

13-1 Vocabulary Eurasia Region that lies on both the European and Asian continents Region that lies on both the European and Asian continentsUrban Relating to the city Relating to the citySuburb Smaller community located in the area surrounding a city Smaller community located in the area surrounding a city Consumer goods Goods people buy to use for themselves, such as household products, clothing, and cars Goods people buy to use for themselves, such as household products, clothing, and carsRural Relating to the countryside Relating to the countrysideTundra Vast, rolling, treeless plain in high latitude climates in which only the tope few inches of ground thaw in summer Vast, rolling, treeless plain in high latitude climates in which only the tope few inches of ground thaw in summer

13-2 Vocabulary Majority Culture Dominant or main culture of a region Dominant or main culture of a region Minority Culture Culture other than the majority culture in a region Culture other than the majority culture in a regionSlav Person from the ethnic group originating in Northeast Europe whose native tongue is a Slavic language Person from the ethnic group originating in Northeast Europe whose native tongue is a Slavic language

14-1 Vocabulary Czar Title of Russian emperor Title of Russian emperorSerf Peasant laborer Peasant laborerIndustrialize To change an economy to rely more on manufacturing and less on farming To change an economy to rely more on manufacturing and less on farming Communist State Country whose government allows little or no private ownership of property and has a strong control over the economy and society as a whole. Country whose government allows little or no private ownership of property and has a strong control over the economy and society as a whole.

14-1 Vocabulary Cold War Conflict between the U.S. and Soviet Union when the two superpowers competed for world influence without declared military action at each other Conflict between the U.S. and Soviet Union when the two superpowers competed for world influence without declared military action at each otherGlasnost Russian policy of “openness” which permitted Soviet people to criticize the government without permission Russian policy of “openness” which permitted Soviet people to criticize the government without permission

14-2 Vocabulary Free Market Economy Economy driven by forces including competition, supply, and demand Economy driven by forces including competition, supply, and demand Nuclear Energy Power created by a controlled atomic reaction Power created by a controlled atomic reaction Federal Republic Form of government in which the national and state governments share power Form of government in which the national and state governments share power

Discussion Notes 13-1: The Russian Land I. Russia’s Climate A. Russia is the world’s ___________ country. It lies on 2 continents- Europe and Asia. B. Many of Russia’s ________ on the Baltic Sea and the Pacific Ocean are closed by ice. C. The _______ Mountains form a boundary between Europe and Asia. D. The part of Russia that lies in Europe is ________ than Asia and 75% of Russia’s population lives there. E. ___________ is the large area that covers Russia that is usually covered by ice and snow. F. Lake ____________ is the world’s deepest freshwater lake. largest ports Ural warmer Siberia Baikal

II. Russia’s Economic Regions A. Russia has large ________ of coal, oil, gas, and minerals. B. The Southwest area can produce high amounts of grain. Its ________ industry is the largest in the world. C. ___________ is the political, cultural, economic, and transportation center of Russia. Kaliningrad and St. Petersburg are important ports. D. ___________ has a large supply of minerals. E. The __________ River carries almost 1/2 of Russia’s river traffic. Discussion Notes 13-2: The People of Russia I. Ethnic Groups A. Russia has 145 million people and 150 different _________ groups. B. 80% of the people are __________, the majority culture. deposits fishing Moscow Siberia Volga ethnic Slavs

II. Culture in Russia A. The city of _____________ was founded in 1703 by Peter the Great. B. Russian enjoy folktales called __________. C. The communist tried to take out religion during its rule, but Russian ____________ is very popular (70%). D. Russians use a Slavic alphabet called ___________. E. 3/4ths of Russian live in _________, large apartment blocks. Discussion Notes 14-1: A Troubled History I. The History of Russia A. During the 800ADs, early Slavs built a civilization around the city of _________. B. In 1480, ____________ drove out the Mongols and became the first czar, emperor of Russia. St. Petersburg skazki Orthodox Cyrillic cities Kiev Ivan III

C. In 1861, Czar __________ freed the serfs from being tied to the land. D. In the late 1800’s, Russia began to ____________, had less farming. II. The Soviet Era A. In 1917, leaders, soldiers, and workers forced Czar ____________ to give up his throne. B. Vladimir ___________ led a 2nd revolution in which he set up a communist state. C. In 1922, they formed the Union of Soviet Socialists Republics USSR D. Joseph __________ took over when Lenin died. E. After WWII, _________ set up communist governments throughout Eastern Europe. F. From the 1940’s to the 1980’s a _______ _______ existed between the U.S. and Soviet Union. Alexander industrialize Nicholas II Lenin Stalin ColdWar

G. In 1985, _________ relaxed Soviet control of the economy and society. H. In 1991, each of the _______ republics of the Soviet Union declared independence and USSR no longer existed. Discussion Notes 14-2: A New Russia I. Communism to Free Enterprise A. After communism, Russia turned to a _______ market economy. B. Under communism everyone had ________, but workers could lose jobs if business is poor. C. Without government price controls, prices have risen making it hard to buy essential things. II. Environmental Issues A. The old government built factories without protecting the ____________. Gorbachev 15 free jobs environment

B. Water, air, and land have been polluted by agricultural and industrial ____________. III. Political Challenges A. Russia is a democratic government in which the power is divided between national and state known as a __________ republic. B. A Russian _________ has stronger powers than the U.S. president. C. _________, and other ethnic groups of Russia are trying to form their own countries. Russian troops are trying to stop them. pollution federal president Chechens