Leukemia Jana Matoušková Eva Hýsková

What is leukemia? form of cancer form of cancer three types of cells three types of cells –Red blood cells –White blood cells –Platelets Example of progression of cancer

What are possible causes of leukemia? Radiation Radiation Chemicals Chemicals Viruses Viruses Genetic factors Genetic factors Immunologic factors Immunologic factors

What are types of leukemia? Picture of bone marrow smear (control); Normal granulocytes and erythroblasts are evident. Picture of bone marrow smear (control); Normal granulocytes and erythroblasts are evident.

Acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL); There is a marked proliferation of small lymphoblasts

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML); There is a marked proliferation of large myeloblasts

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML); There is a marked proliferation of granulocytes at various stages of maturation

What are symptoms of leukemia? Weakness or chronic fatigue Weakness or chronic fatigue Fever of unknown origin Fever of unknown origin Unexplained weight loss Unexplained weight loss Frequent bacterial or viral infections Frequent bacterial or viral infections Headaches Headaches Skin rash Skin rash Bone pain with no known cause Bone pain with no known cause Easy bruising Easy bruising Bleeding from gums and nose Bleeding from gums and nose Blood in urine or stools Blood in urine or stools Enlarged lymph nodes and spleen Enlarged lymph nodes and spleen Fullness in the stomach Fullness in the stomach

How is leukemia diagnosed? 1) Described symptoms 2) Blood test 3) Bone marrow biopsy – specific test 4) Lumbar Puncture (spinal tap)

How is leukemia treated? Chemotherapy Chemotherapy Radiation therapy Radiation therapy Biological therapy Biological therapy Surgery Surgery Bone marrow transplantation Bone marrow transplantation

Vocabulary platelet – krevní destička platelet – krevní destička mature – zralý mature – zralý damaging – škodlivý damaging – škodlivý weakness – slabost weakness – slabost fatigue – únava fatigue – únava fever – horečka fever – horečka headaches – bolesti hlavy headaches – bolesti hlavy enlarged – zvětšení enlarged – zvětšení nodes – uzliny nodes – uzliny spleen - slezina spleen - slezina skin rash – kožní vyrážka skin rash – kožní vyrážka pain – bolest pain – bolest bruising – podlitina bruising – podlitina bleeding – krvácení bleeding – krvácení gum – dáseň gum – dáseň kidney – ledvina kidney – ledvina bone marrow – kostní dřeň bone marrow – kostní dřeň lumbar - bederní lumbar - bederní surgery - operace surgery - operace

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