1 SHELL FLEET TECHNOLOGY TOUR August 29, 2011

VALUE DELIVERY THROUGH SERVICES OIL CONDITIONING MONITORING PROGRAM

3 SETTING UP AN EFFECTIVE OIL ANALYSIS PROGRAM 3 Why Conduct Oil Analysis? —Identify and measure oil contamination —Monitor product performance —Monitor component wear Potential Benefits —Increase equipment availability by decreasing equipment downtime —Increase overall component life span —Monitor product performance and optimize oil service intervals —Decrease fuel and oil consumption What Equipment Should You Sample On? —Equipment integral to a proactive maintenance program

OIL ANALYSIS PROGRAM SAMPLING PROCEDURES Three Easy Steps:  Take a Proper Sample  Supply Sample Information  Send Samples to the Lab

TAKING A PROPER SAMPLE IS CRITICAL Sampling Procedures —Equipment should be run at temperature prior to sampling —Take sample within 30 minutes of shutdown —Whenever possible take sample while lubricant is circulating (sample valve only) —Take samples the same way each time…. Consistency Is the Key

SUPPLY SAMPLE INFORMATION Provide Sample Information —Fill out forms as completely as possible —Fill out label on the sample container —When possible, provide an equipment list to the lab before sampling starts (preloaded in lab’s computer system) Oil samples must be accompanied with: —Sample origin (Name and Address) —Sample date —Unit or engine identification —Unit hours or miles —Oil hours or miles —Quantity of oil added this sampling period —Quantity of oil low (based on dipstick) —Oil brand name and viscosity grade Take the sample today, send it today

PROPER SAMPLING INTERVALS AND THE RIGHT TESTS ARE KEY Engine Oil Testing Components —Spectrographic Analysis of Metals —Fuel Dilution (% volume) —Fuel Soot (% weight) —Water (% volume) —Viscosity C) —Glycol from coolant (positive / negative) —Total Base Number (TBN) —Total Acid Number (TAN) Sampling Considerations: —Operating priority of equipment —Current PM, lube and filter schedules —OEM recommendations or requirements —Environmental influences (dust, water, etc.) —Current or historical problems of specific or like equipment —Specific goals of program objectives —Adjust as appropriate

SPECTROGRAPHIC ANALYSIS HELPS US TRACK 3 KEY THINGS Component wear metals: —Iron, Chromium, Nickel, Molybdenum, Aluminum, Lead, Copper, Tin, Silver Contaminants: —Silicon, Sodium, Boron, Potassium Additives: —Phosphorous, Zinc, Calcium, Barium, Boron, Molybdenum, Magnesium

TESTING CAN ALSO REVEAL PRESENCE OF FUEL, SOOT, AND WATER Typical Causes of Fuel Dilution —Worn, leaking, damaged injectors —Improperly adjusted fuel system settings —Excessive idling / lugging Fuel Dilution Effects —Decrease in viscosity: — 5% = approx. 1 SAE Grade Loss — Reduced lubrication —Increased wear rates —Decreased fuel efficiency Causes for High Soot —Incomplete combustion —Improperly adjusted fuel system settings —Restricted air intake or exhaust —Worn or mismatched injectors —Excessive idling and/or lugging —Deficient fuel properties Soot Actions/Effects —Naturally attracted into gel formations —Hardened by heat to form deposits —Loads and depletes dispersant additives —Plugs oil filters —Increases viscosity Water Sources/Causes —Bulk oil contamination —Low operating temp. —Defective seals / gaskets —Cracked head / block, liner, injector tube, etc. —Defective water pump —Oil cooler, heat exchanger tubing Actions/Effects —Surface corrosion / rust —Changes in viscosity —Loss of additive performance —Increased sludge —Decreased filter performance —Increase in oxidation and foam tendency

DATA INTERPRETATION: READING REPORTS Types Of Applied Limits: — Set Values – Minimum or Maximum — Set by component OEM’s and analytical labs — Values vary by type of components, equipment make/model, application —Trend Analysis – for  change — Values developed based on allowable deviations from analytically established baseline — Combinations of the above

READING REPORTS – LET’S PRACTICE

TAKING ACTION ON THE DATA When A Change Occurs: — Look for corresponding cause or reason — Contaminant, viscosity change, etc. — Look for a confirming related change — Increased viscosity with increased solids, etc. — Look for identifying components — Water + Na + B or K = Cooling System Leak

13 EXAMPLE: OIL ANALYSIS HELPS FLEET CUSTOMER SAVE OVER $46,0000 IN ENGINE REBUILDS * Large Shell Fleet customer in US worked with Shell to establish oil analysis program as part of maintenance cost containment/reduction measures Specific focus on in-warranty equipment sampling at PM intervals to identify potential issues (particularly signs of high wear) prior to warranty expiration Testing results indicated abnormal results indicating excessive bearing overlay wear in 3 units Resulting action required: 2 engine overhauls in-frame 1 engine replaced Since issues were spotted while under warranty, there was no cost to the fleet for repairs One of the units repaired was at 486K miles with warranty expiring at 500K miles! *Savings indicated specifically calculated from actual customer value delivery example

KEYS TO A SUCCESSFUL USED OIL ANALYSIS PROGRAM Clearly defined goals and program requirements Representative samples Complete sample information Frequent customer- laboratory contact