UNDERSTANDING DROUGHT A Slow-Onset, Natural Phenomenon That Can Happen Anywhere PRIMER OF KNOWLEDGE THAT CAN MULTIPLY AND SPILL OVER FOR THE BENEFIT OF MILLIONS Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, University of North Carolina, USA
BACKGROUND
OUR WORLD IS AT RISK FROM: TSUNAMIS DROUGHTS VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS WILDFIRES
Drought– A Natural Phenomenon That Can Cause Disasters Planet Earth’s atmospheric- oceanic- lithospheric interactions cause: DROUGHTS Droughts
DROUGHT is an extreme environmental condition that is characterized by an absence of precipitation in the local and regional water cycle as a consequence of the physical interactions of elements of the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere.
CHARACTERISTICS OF DROUGHT SLOW ONSET DIVERSE IN LOCATION AND DURATION DIFFICULT TO MEASURE THE SOCIETAL IMPACTS SLOW ONSET DIVERSE IN LOCATION AND DURATION DIFFICULT TO MEASURE THE SOCIETAL IMPACTS
DROUGHT IN USA: 2012
DROUGHT IN TEXAS: 2011
DROUGHT IN CHINA: 2007
DROUGHT IN AFRICA: 2007
SHORTAGE OF FOOD: 2007
DROUGHT: EAST AFRICA; 2007
EQUIPPING NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL “HELPING HANDS TEAMS” FOR ACTION DURING TIMES OF DROUGHT Making a Difference When it Really Counts BEING READY IS VITAL
HELPING HANDS ARE NEEDED FOR … FOOD, WATER, AND EMERGENCY MEDICAL
DROUGHT HAZARDS
DROUGHT HAZARDS (AKA Potential disaster Agents) HIGH TEMPERATURES VERY LOW HUMIDITY LOSS OF SOIL MOISTURE VANISHING STREAMS, LAKES, AND WATER TABLES
DROUGHT LINKAGES Drought is typically linked to wildfires, loss of water quantity and quality, and famine (sometimes). These linkages can lead to major loss of life of people and animals, loss of livelihoods, and loss of habitats.
LOS ANGELES RIVER DRYING UP: SUMMER 2007.
ELBE RIVER, GERMANY, IS DRYING UP: SUMMER, 2007
VANISHING LAKE: GHANA
DROUGHT RISKS
HAZARDSHAZARDS ELEMENTS OF RISK EXPOSUREEXPOSURE VULNERABILITYVULNERABILITY LOCATIONLOCATION RISKRISK
PROLONGED LACK OF PRECIPITATION DROUGHTS LOSS OF SOIL MOSTURE LOSS OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY DEPLETION/POLLUTION OF GROUND WATER LOSS OF VEGETATION INSECT INFESTATION LOSS OF AG. LAND FROM DESERTIFICATION CAUSES OF RISK DISASTER LABORATORIES
E DECREASE IN WATER QUALITY UNACCEPTABLE RISK DECREASE IN WATER QUANTITY SUSCEPTIBILITY TO WILDFIRES ECONOMIC LOSS; FAMINE; DEATHS RISKRISK
DROUGHT RISKS (A SLOW ONSET NATURAL HAZARD) Loss of life (People and animals) Loss of livelihoods and habitats Loss of agricultural land (e.g., from desertification) Reductions in water quantity and quality
1/6 OF WORLD’S POPULATION AFFECTED BY DESERTIFICATION
FACILITATING DISASTER RISK REDUCTION EMERGING TECNOLOGIES
FROM EDUCATION TO KNOWLEDGE TO APPLICATION UNDER- STAND IDENT- IFY HEAR PERSON- ALIZE APPLI- CATIONS PERIOD OF INTEGRATION WINDOW OF OPPORTUNITY PERIOD OF IMPLEMENT ATION
COMMUNITYCOMMUNITY DATA BASES AND INFORMATION HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS DROUGHT HAZARDS LOCATIONS RISK ASSESSMENT RISK ACCEPTABLE RISK UNACCEPTABLE RISK DROUGHT DISASTER RISK REDUCTION MONITORING ADAPTATION MITIGATION PREPAREDNESS POLICY OPTIONS
EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES FOR DROUGHTS WEATHER FORECASTS MONITORING TECHNOLOGIES (E.G., REMOTE SENSING) WARNING SYSTEMS WEATHER FORECASTS MONITORING TECHNOLOGIES (E.G., REMOTE SENSING) WARNING SYSTEMS DATABASES FOR PAST DROUGHTS COMPUTER MODELS OF DROUGHT MAPS DISASTER SCENARIOS HAZARD ASSESSMENT RISK ASSESSMENT DATABASES FOR PAST DROUGHTS COMPUTER MODELS OF DROUGHT MAPS DISASTER SCENARIOS HAZARD ASSESSMENT RISK ASSESSMENT
DISASTER RISK REDUCTION FOR DROUGHT PURPOSE IDENTIFICATION OF DROUGHT PRECURSORS ALERT AND WARNING PURPOSE IDENTIFICATION OF DROUGHT PRECURSORS ALERT AND WARNING TECHNIQUE REMOTE SENSING; SITE-SPECIFIC MONITORING; MODELING PUBLIC AWARENESS; EDUCATION TECHNIQUE REMOTE SENSING; SITE-SPECIFIC MONITORING; MODELING PUBLIC AWARENESS; EDUCATION
DISASTER RISK REDUCTION FOR DROUGHT PURPOSE PROTECT WATER QUANTITY PROTECT WATER QUALITY PURPOSE PROTECT WATER QUANTITY PROTECT WATER QUALITY TECHNIQUE RESERVOIRS; CONSERVATION ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING TECHNIQUE RESERVOIRS; CONSERVATION ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING
DISASTER RISK REDUCTION FOR DROUGHT PURPOSE LAND-USE CONTROL ADAPTATION TO THE SITUATION PURPOSE LAND-USE CONTROL ADAPTATION TO THE SITUATION TECHNIQUE DROUGHT- RESISTANT CROPS AND VEGETATION COMMUNITY RESPONSE PLAN TECHNIQUE DROUGHT- RESISTANT CROPS AND VEGETATION COMMUNITY RESPONSE PLAN