Essentials of Sociology Fifth Edition Chapter Three Socialization This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; any rental, lease, or lending of the program. Copyright © 2004 by Allyn and Bacon

2 Socialization l A process people go through to learn societal expectations l Society makes us human

Copyright © 2004 by Allyn and Bacon 3 What is human about human nature? How many of our characteristics come from “nature” (heredity) and how many from “nurture” (the social environment)?

Copyright © 2004 by Allyn and Bacon 4 Examples of the importance of socialization l Kinglsey’s case study of Isabelle (language) l Skeels and Dye’s experiment with institutionalized orphans (IQ) l Pine’s case study of Genie (bonding) l Harlow’s experiment with rhesus monkeys (critical learning stage)

Copyright © 2004 by Allyn and Bacon 5 Cooley’s Looking Glass Self l Charles Horton Cooley stated we develop a self by interacting with others. l The Looking Glass Self—the process by which a self develops.

Copyright © 2004 by Allyn and Bacon 6 Mead’s Role Taking l Children learn to take the role of others. Learned during play l Significant other l Generalized other

Copyright © 2004 by Allyn and Bacon 7 Agents of Socialization l Agents of socialization— people and groups that influence our self-concept, emotions, attitudes, and behavior. l The family l The neighborhood l Religion l Day care l School and Peer groups l Sports l The workplace

Copyright © 2004 by Allyn and Bacon 8 Agents of socialization l Break into pairs/groups. Each will be assigned one agent of socialization (refer to pages ). Discuss how and why this institution socializes us then share with others.

Copyright © 2004 by Allyn and Bacon 9 Socialization into Gender l Gender socialization—the ways in which society sets children onto different courses in life because they are male or female.

Copyright © 2004 by Allyn and Bacon 10 Socialization into Gender l Gender- your sex is determined physically, your gender is a culture’s way of identifying your sex (masculine/feminine) l Gender identity- the fundamental sense of being male or female l Gender typing- society’s ideas about being male or female

Copyright © 2004 by Allyn and Bacon 11 Gender messages in the family l Susan Goldberg and Michael Lewis laboratory observation with mothers and their 6 month old infants l Do strangers treat babies differently if they think the baby is a boy or girl?

Copyright © 2004 by Allyn and Bacon 12 Socialization into Emotions l Universal emotions l Expression of emotions vary by culture, class and gender

Copyright © 2004 by Allyn and Bacon 13 Are We Prisoners of Socialization? l Sociologists do not think of people as robots. l Socialization is powerful, but the self is dynamic. l Each of us is actively involved in the social construction of the self.