1. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008
Data-Driven Decisions and School Leadership: Best Practices for School Improvement
Theodore J. Kowalski
Thomas J. Lasley II
James W. Mahoney
This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law:
• Any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network;
• Preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images;
• Any rental, lease, or lending of the program.
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008

2. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008
Chapter 2:
Decision-Making Behavior
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008

3. Variables influencing decision
Individual
Organizational
Societal
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008

4. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008
Societal variables
Laws (legal requirements)
Meta-values
Politics
Economics
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008

5. Meta-values influencing policy and decisions
Liberty
Adequacy
Equality
Efficiency
Fraternity
Economic development
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008

6. Organizational variables
School climate and especially culture
Political behavior
Threat
Risk
Uncertainty
Ambiguity
Conflict
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008

7. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008
School climate
Physical
characteristics
Ecology
Social
characteristics
Philosophical
characteristics
Culture
Milieu
Structure
Organizational
characteristics
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008

8. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008
School culture
val
Culture
The element of climate determining normative behavior, especially preferred solutions to common problems
values
norms
beliefs
assumptions
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008

9. Layers of school culture
Top layer
Artifacts
Middle layer
Espoused beliefs
bottom layer
basic assumptions
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008

10. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008
Personal variables
Knowledge and skills
Personality
Personal values
Bias
Decision-making style
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008