Day One S7L1- Students will investigate the diversity of living organisms and how they can be compared scientifically. a. demonstrate the process for the development of a dichotomous key. b. Classify organisms based on a six-kingdom system and a dichotomous key.

NUTS & Bolts Activity C (10 minutes) Choose one of the items from the bag. Pretend it is something nobody has ever seen before. You want to describe it to someone on the phone. You cannot say “it’s a nail.” But you can say the shaft or stem is “shaped like a miniature pencil.” Draw your item in your Interactive Notebook and write your description (in complete sentences.) ***Bell Ringer***

NUTS & Bolts Activity A (15 min) Your group will be handed a bag with assorted nuts and bolts. Sort these objects into groups based on specific physical characteristics. Examples might be: Each object in this group… 1.has a hole in the middle or does not have a hole in the middle 2.has a threaded shaft or does not have a threaded shaft 3.has a four-sided head or a six-sided head 4.has a pointy tip or has a flat tip 5.has a rounded (mushroom) head or has a flat head. 6.has indented grooves on top or has no grooves on top 7.has indented grooves in a cross pattern on the top or has a single slot on the top 8.has a shaft is more than twice the width of the head or shaft is less than twice the width of the shaft. 9.has a rough, silver or gray coating or is smooth and silver with no coating ***activator***

Classification Notes One Scientists classify living organisms into categories based mostly on their physical characteristics. The largest of these categories is the organization of Kingdom. The five kingdoms of living organisms from least complex to most complex are: Kingdom Monera- bacteria and cyanobacteria Kindom Archaea- bacteria-like unicellular organisms that oftern inhabit extreme habitats. Kingdom Protista- the simplest eukaryotic organisms. Most are single cell. Some live in colonies and are multicellular. Kingdom Fungi- mushrooms, yeast, and molds. Can be single cell or multi-cellular. Kingdom Plantae- the plant kingdom. Kingdom Animalia- the animals

Classification helps scientists characterize traits and specifics on organisms. We use classification to put all of earth’s known organisms into group and families. Dichotomous Keys help us to figure out what genus and species an animal falls under. For example, if a new organism was discovered, a scientist would go through a Dichotomous Key to try to find out the subject’s kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species.

Classification makes everyday life easier by putting organisms in a useful system. Classification helps us to group the organisms we live with every day. Classification also lets us have a system for reference and will continue to help as we study the organisms around us. oLk&list=PL68043E A40

Each kingdom is broken down into further categories. To remember these categories you need to remember that King Phillip’s Class Ordered his Family Genius to Speak. Speak, oh wise one. We order you to speak, oh wise one.

HumanGorilla Kingdom Animal Phylum Chordata Class Mammalia Order Primate Family HomindaePongidae Genus HomoGorilla Species sapiensgorilla Orangutan Animal Chordata Mammalia Primate Pongidae Pongo abelii An organism’s scientific taxonomic name (binomial nomenclature) is its Genus (capitalized) and its species (lower case.) Orangutans are Pongo abelii. Spider monkeys are Ateles aniscus.

HumanGorilla Kingdom Animal Phylum Chordata Class Mammalia Order Primate Family HomindaePongidae Genus HomoGorilla Species sapiensgorilla Orangutan Animal Chordata Mammalia Primate Pongidae Pongo abelii -At what point in their taxonomy do apes, humans, and monkeys begin to differentiate? -Which of the four animals listed are in the same Family? -What is the scientific name for the gorilla?

Black Rat House MouseBeaver KingdomAnimal PhylumChordata ClassMammalia OrderRodentia FamilyMuridae Castoridae GenusRattusMusCastor Speciesrattusmusculuscanadensis -What is the scientific name (binomial nomenclature) for the common house mouse? -What is its species? -Black rats and house mice are in the same___________ but are different ______.

tomatoBell pepperpotato KingdomPlantae Division Magnoliophyta Class Magnoliopsida OrderSolonales Family Solanaceae GenusSolanumCapsicumSolanum Species lycopersicum annuumtuberosum In the Plant Kingdom, plants are divided into Divisions rather than Phyla. -These three plants are in the same ____________. -Which of the two plants are the most closely related? Tomatoes and potatoes because they are in the same genus.

King Phillip’s Class Ordered his Family Genius to Speak. Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Speak Or if you are a plant… King David’s Class Ordered his Family Genius to Speak.

Practice Questions 1.The scientific name/classification of blacktail deer is Odocoileus hemionus. What is its species? A. Odocoileus B. hemionus C. animal hemionus 2. The scientific name for a whitetail deer is Odocoileus virginianus. What genus is this animal a member of? A. OdocoileusB. virginianus C. animal Odocoileus

3. The species of animals listed below are all members of the same ________________________. Kingdom:AnimaliaAnimalia Phylum:ChordataChordata Class:MammaliaMammalia Order:CarnivoraCarnivora Family:FelidaeFelidae Genus:PantheraPanthera Species:P. onca Kingdom:Animalia Phylum:Chordata Class:Mammalia Order:Carnivora Family:Felidae Genus:Panthera Species:P. pardus Mountain Lion (Panther) Jaguar (S. America) African Leopard f. ALL of these. Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, and Family. a. Kingdom b. Order c. Family d. Phylum e. Class f. ALL of these to the left

4. Organisms that are in the same class will also be in the same_____________. a.Genus b.Phylum c.Family d.Species 5. Which of these is in the correct order? a.phylum-class-order-species-kingdom-family-genus b.kingdom-species-phylum-genus-order-class-family c.kingdom-phylum-class-order-family-genus-species d.Order-class-phylum-genus-species-kingdom-family

6. Which of these species of animals are most closely related? Kingdom:Animalia Phylum:Chordata Class:Mammalia Order:Carnivora Family:Felidae Genus:Panthera Species:P. pardus Mountain Lion (Panther) Bengal Tiger African Leopard a. Panther & Leopardb. Tiger & Pantherc. Leopard & Tiger Kingdom:Animalia Phylum:Chordata Class:Mammalia Order:Carnivora Family:Felidae Subfamily:Pantherinae Genus:Panthera Species:Panthera tigris

Meadow voleCalifornia Kangaroo Rat Florida Packrat KingdomAnimal PhylumChordata ClassMammalia OrderRodentia FamilyCritecidaeHeteromidae Cricetidae GenusMicrotusDipodomys Neotoma Speciespennsylvanicuscalifornicus floridana 7. Which of these two animals are most closely related? a. Kangaroo Rat & Voleb. Kangaroo Rat & Packrat c. Vole & Packrat

Meadow voleCalifornia Kangaroo Rat Florida Packrat KingdomAnimal PhylumChordata ClassMammalia OrderRodentia FamilyCritecidaeHeteromidae Cricetidae GenusMicrotusDipodomys Neotoma Speciespennsylvanicuscalifornicus floridana 7. Which order are these three animals in? a. Animaliab. Chordatac. Mammaliad. Rodentia

8. These animals are in the same ____________ but are in different _____________. Kingdom:Animalia Phylum:Chordata Class:Mammalia Order:Carnivora Family:Felidae Genus:Panthera Species:P. pardus Mountain Lion (Panther) Bengal Tiger African Leopard a. species, classes b. family, species c. kingdom, familiesd. kingdom, classes Kingdom:Animalia Phylum:Chordata Class:Mammalia Order:Carnivora Family:Felidae Subfamily:Pantherinae Genus:Panthera Species:Panthera tigris

Graded Assignment Bring in one of your stuffed animals with a taxonomical key. You must develop the key by searching for the taxonomy. Kingdom- Animalia Phylum- Chordata (Subphylum vertebrae) Class- Mammalia Order- Carnivora Family- Ursidae Genus- Ursus Species- americanus Subspecies- cuddlotus

Bell Ringer Kingdom:Animalia ???Chordata Class:Reptilia ???Squamata Family:Agamidae ???Pogona ???iesvitticeps 1.What is the scientific name for our dear Speedy? Pagona vitticeps or P. vitticeps 2. What is her genus? Pagona 3. What is her species? vitticeps 4. What is her Order? Squamata

What kind of key cannot unlock a thing?

Dichotomous Keys A dichotomous key is a tool that allows the user to determine the identity of items in the natural world, such as trees, wildflowers, mammals, reptiles, rocks, and fish. "Dichotomous" means "divided into two parts". Therefore, dichotomous keys always give two choices in each step.

Example of a dichotomous key… Traditional format

Dichotomous key

1a. With a holeGo to Question 2 1b. Without a holeGo to Question 3 2a. Six sidedIt is Species #1 2b. Four sidedIt is Species #6 3a. With threadingGo to Question 4 3b. Without threadingIt is Species #8 4a. Pointy tipGo to Question 5 4b. No pointy tipGo to Question 6 5a. Rounded headIt is Species #4 5b. Not rounded headIt is Species #7 6a. Flat headGo to Question 7 6b. Not flat headIt is Species #2 7a. Body length twice the width of head It is Species #5 7b. Body length not twice the width of head It is Species #3

Let’s Practice…….. Which bird is the Certhidea? Which bird is the Platyspiza? Which bird is the Geospiza? Which bird is the Camarhynchus? Guided Practice

Let’s Practice….. What is fish letter g? a? GUIDEDPRACTICEGUIDEDPRACTICE

A. Beverlus B. Dallus C.Rajus D. Kentuckyus E. Californus F. Walawala G. Dakotas H. Yorkius Cooperative Group Practice- Complete Norms ID in crews. Answers to Dichotomous Key on Norms REMEMBER- the objective is to work together to complete the task. Giving answers is to crew members is not acceptable. Help struggling crew members by showing them HOW to identify the Norm rather then by simply giving them the answer.

A. Beverlus B. Dallus C.Rajus D. Kentuckyus E. Californus F. Walawala G. Dakotas H. Yorkio Cooperative Group Practice- Complete Norms ID in crews. Answers to Dichotomous Key on Norms REMEMBER- the objective is to work together to complete the task. Giving answers is to crew members is not acceptable. Help struggling crew members by showing them HOW to identify the Norm rather then by simply giving them the answer.

Opening/Closing- Using your Pamishan Dichotomous Key homework sheet, identify this Pamishan. Broadus hairystarus Walk-thru example…

1.What tool is used to help identify and classify organisms? A dichotomous key. 2. How many options are there for each number in this tool? two 3. Use the Pamishan dichtomous key to determine which Pamishan is shown here. This is number 10, Broadus emmus. Opening/Closing

Pamishan Creatures Activity One Independent Practice (OPTIONAL) -Each of you will be assigned a number for a Pamishan Alien and a dichotomous key (do NOT write on either one.) Use the dichotomous key to identify your Pamishan Alien.

Pamishan Creatures Activity Two Independent Practice Identify the Pamishan Aliens. -Each of you will be assigned a number for a Pamishan Alien and a dichotomous key (do NOT write on either one.) Use the dichotomous key to identify your Pamishan Alien.

Pamishan Alien Dichotomous Key answers 1.Narrowus portus 2.Broadus archus 3.Narrowus plainus 4.Broadus hairyemus 5.Broadus hairus 6.Broadus anderscus 7.Narrowus montanus 8.Narrowus georgius 9.Narrowus blankus 10.Broadus emmus 11. Narrowus cyclops 12. Broadus hairystus 13. Narrowus beardus 14. Broadus walter 15. Broadus plainus 16. Broadus kiferus 17. Narrowus starbops 18. Broadus tritops 19. Narrowus wolfus 20. Narrowus fuzzus If time remains, finish the fish identification from yesterday OR, if that is done, move on to the salamander identification.

Dichotomous Key Independent Practice Identify the fish using a dichotomous key. Teacher needs to hand out the dry erase markers and white boards.

Now use the dichotomous key on your table to identify these fish  Anterior-front  Posterior-rear  Dorsal-top  Ventral-bottom  Elongated-stretched out  Concave-bowed in (like the mark in the grass if you drop a cannon ball)  Convex-bowed out  Barbels- whiskers  Caudal-tail Fish #1 Rock Bass (Redeye) Show Answers Two united dorsal fins Jaw hinge extends to just below the eye. Noticeable scales. 10 spines

Fish #2  Anterior-front  Posterior-rear  Dorsal-top  Ventral-bottom  Elongated-stretched out  Concave-bowed in (like the mark in the grass if you drop a cannon ball)  Convex-bowed out  Barbels- whiskers  Caudal-tail Brook Trout Show Answers Scales NOT noticeable. No broad horizontal band. Mottled pattern on (back) dorsal side, spots on sides. NO SPOTs on the caudal fin.

 Anterior-front  Posterior-rear  Dorsal-top  Ventral-bottom  Elongated-stretched out  Concave-bowed in (like the mark in the grass if you drop a cannon ball)  Convex-bowed out  Barbels- whiskers  Caudal-tail Channel Catfish Show Answers Scales NOT noticeable. Rounded dorsal. Deeply Forked Some black specks on the sides. I am NOT the same species as the fish above, even though I look almost identical

Concave forehead  Anterior-front  Posterior-rear  Dorsal-top  Ventral-bottom  Elongated-stretched out  Concave-bowed in (like the mark in the grass if you drop a cannon ball)  Convex-bowed out  Barbels- whiskers  Caudal-tail Yellow Perch Show Answers Two separate dorsal fins.

 Anterior-front  Posterior-rear  Dorsal-top  Ventral-bottom  Elongated-stretched out  Concave-bowed in (like the mark in the grass if you drop a cannon ball)  Convex-bowed out  Barbels- whiskers  Caudal-tail Bullhead Catfish Show Answers Slightly Indented Caudal.

 Anterior-front  Posterior-rear  Dorsal-top  Ventral-bottom  Elongated-stretched out  Concave-bowed in (like the mark in the grass if you drop a cannon ball)  Convex-bowed out  Barbels- whiskers  Caudal-tail This is a Mad Tom catfish. They only grow a few inches in length. They are NOT on the key… Show Answers Fully grown 5 inch adult…….. Caudal fin not forked OR slightly indented AT ALL. Teacher may just use this as an example to illustrate shortcomings of most dichotomous keys.

 Anterior-front  Posterior-rear  Dorsal-top  Ventral-bottom  Elongated-stretched out  Concave-bowed in (like the mark in the grass if you drop a cannon ball)  Convex-bowed out  Barbels- whiskers  Caudal-tail Chain Pickerel Show Answers Body more than 4X as long as it is broad. Scales noticeableNet or web pattern

 Anterior-front  Posterior-rear  Dorsal-top  Ventral-bottom  Elongated-stretched out  Concave-bowed in (like the mark in the grass if you drop a cannon ball)  Convex-bowed out  Barbels- whiskers  Caudal-tail American Eel Show Answers

 Anterior-front  Posterior-rear  Dorsal-top  Ventral-bottom  Elongated-stretched out  Concave-bowed in (like the mark in the grass if you drop a cannon ball)  Convex-bowed out  Barbels- whiskers  Caudal-tail Bluegill Show Answers

 Anterior-front  Posterior-rear  Dorsal-top  Ventral-bottom  Elongated-stretched out  Concave-bowed in (like the mark in the grass if you drop a cannon ball)  Convex-bowed out  Barbels- whiskers  Caudal-tail This is a Redbreast. It is NOT on the key ;) Show Answers

 Anterior-front  Posterior-rear  Dorsal-top  Ventral-bottom  Elongated-stretched out  Concave-bowed in (like the mark in the grass if you drop a cannon ball)  Convex-bowed out  Barbels- whiskers  Caudal-tail Largemouth Bass Show Answers Mouth hinge extends past eye. United, but nearly separate. More than 3X as long as it is broad.

 Anterior-front  Posterior-rear  Dorsal-top  Ventral-bottom  Elongated-stretched out  Concave-bowed in (like the mark in the grass if you drop a cannon ball)  Convex-bowed out  Barbels- whiskers  Caudal-tail Northern Pike Show Answers Scales noticeable. More than 4X as long as it is broad.

 Anterior-front  Posterior-rear  Dorsal-top  Ventral-bottom  Elongated-stretched out  Concave-bowed in (like the mark in the grass if you drop a cannon ball)  Convex-bowed out  Barbels- whiskers  Caudal-tail Rainbow Trout Show Answers Scales not visible.

 Anterior-front  Posterior-rear  Dorsal-top  Ventral-bottom  Elongated-stretched out  Concave-bowed in (like the mark in the grass if you drop a cannon ball)  Convex-bowed out  Barbels- whiskers  Caudal-tail White Suckah…Sucker… Show Answers

 Anterior-front  Posterior-rear  Dorsal-top  Ventral-bottom  Elongated-stretched out  Concave-bowed in (like the mark in the grass if you drop a cannon ball)  Convex-bowed out  Barbels- whiskers  Caudal-tail White Crappie Show Answers

 Anterior-front  Posterior-rear  Dorsal-top  Ventral-bottom  Elongated-stretched out  Concave-bowed in (like the mark in the grass if you drop a cannon ball)  Convex-bowed out  Barbels- whiskers  Caudal-tail This is a Black Crappie (pronounce “Crop’- ee”) and it isn’t on the key… Show Answers Teacher may just use this as an example to illustrate shortcomings of most dichotomous keys.

 Anterior-front  Posterior-rear  Dorsal-top  Ventral-bottom  Elongated-stretched out  Concave-bowed in (like the mark in the grass if you drop a cannon ball)  Convex-bowed out  Barbels- whiskers  Caudal-tail Carp Show Answers

 Anterior-front  Posterior-rear  Dorsal-top  Ventral-bottom  Elongated-stretched out  Concave-bowed in (like the mark in the grass if you drop a cannon ball)  Convex-bowed out  Barbels- whiskers  Caudal-tail Smallmouth Bass Show Answers Hinge below eye United Height: 5 in. Length: 17 in.

 Anterior-front  Posterior-rear  Dorsal-top  Ventral-bottom  Elongated-stretched out  Concave-bowed in (like the mark in the grass if you drop a cannon ball)  Convex-bowed out  Barbels- whiskers  Caudal-tail Walleye Show Answers Separated.

 Anterior-front  Posterior-rear  Dorsal-top  Ventral-bottom  Elongated-stretched out  Concave-bowed in (like the mark in the grass if you drop a cannon ball)  Convex-bowed out  Barbels- whiskers  Caudal-tail This is a Bowfin or “Mudfish,” and it isn’t on the key… Show Answers

 Anterior-front  Posterior-rear  Dorsal-top  Ventral-bottom  Elongated-stretched out  Concave-bowed in (like the mark in the grass if you drop a cannon ball)  Convex-bowed out  Barbels- whiskers  Caudal-tail This is a Blue Catfish… Show Answers Dorsal is slightly pointed.

Find Salamanders Key

Salamanders: Use your handout to identify these salamanders Independent PRACTICE Over 7 cm. Siren Spotted Salamander Mudpuppy Marbled Salamander Tiger Salamander Slimy Salamander

1.A __________________ is a tool used to help identify and classify organisms. 2. What is this organism? This is number 1, Narrowus portus. Opening/Closing dichotomous key 3. What is this organism? This is a two-lined Salamander. Use the Pamishan key in the vinyl sleeve. Use the salamanders key. No external gills Hind legs Key will say spikes on left leg. That is YOUR left as you are looking at it. Less than 7 cm.

Find Arachnid Dichotomous Key Quartermasters get group dividers. Use the designated dichotomous key to identify/classify the organisms. Record your answer on the clear-vue folder. DO NOT click on the links until AFTER identifying the organism.

Microwhip Scorpion A

Daddy Long Legs Segmented abdomen No tail Abdomen much larger than cephalothorax Pedipalps much shorter than legs B

Scorpion C

Wind Scorpion Segmented abdomen. Abdomen larger than cephalothorax. Pedipalps about the same size as legs. No pincers on pedipalps Pedipalps D

Mite -no segmented cephalothorax or abdomen. -Spines Size of a pencil point - Cephalothorax and abdomen join here E

Whip spiders F -Segmented abdomen -No tail -First leg MJ4

Tick G -no segmented abdomen or ceph. -no narrowing where abdomen and cephalothorax meet.

Sea Spider H -segmented cephalothorax -abdomen much smaller than cephalothorax

Argiope I Cephalothorax Abdomen (narrowing at waist) tiny pedipalps Abdomen NOT segmented Some hair on cephalothroax but not on abdomen

J - NO segmented abdomen or cephalothorax -narrow “waist.” -pedipalps slightly shorter than legs Jumping Spider Curved pedipalps

Tarantula K -Pedipalps straight No segmented abdomen or ceph. -Narrow waist

Whip Scorpion -no stinger on tip of tail. -large pincers pedipalps L

Trapdoor Spider Plated cephalothorax Thick, tight jaws pedipalps M

Pseudoscorpion pedipalps N

1.A __________________ is a tool used to help identify and classify organisms. 2. What is this organism? Norno walawala Opening/Closing [Get Crew Folders. Today 1/15.) Answers only.) dichotomous key 3. What is this organism? Slimy Salamander Use the Norns key in the vinyl sleeve. Use the salamanders key. No external gills Hind legs Less than 7 cm.

Using the Insect Dichtomous Key to identify the order of this insect.

Abdomen has more than 6 segments Abdomen does not “split” or fork and does not have any kind of tail. Using the Insect Dichtomous Key to identify the order of this insect. Order Phasmatodea- Walking Stick

Eyes located on sides of head Order Thysanura- Silverfish. Using the Insect Dichtomous Key to identify the order of this insect.

Closing/Review

Clam Worm Soil Centipede Nightcrawler Kingdom:Animalia Phylum:Annelida Class:Polychaeta Order:Phyllodocida Family:Nereididae Genus:Alitta Species:A. succinea Kingdom Animalia Phylum Arthropoda Class Chilopoda Order Geophilomorpha Family Geophilidae Genus AchilophilusAchilophilus Species monoporusmonoporus Kingdom:Animalia Phylum:Annelida Class:Clitellata Order:Haplotaxida Family:Lumbricidae Genus:Lumbricus Species:L. terrestris Which of these animals are most alike?

Kingdom:Animalia Phylum:Annelida Class:Polychaeta Order:Phyllodocida Family:Nereididae Genus:Alitta Species:A. succinea Kingdom Animalia Phylum Arthropoda Class Chilopoda Order Geophilomorpha Family Geophilidae Genus AchilophilusAchilophilus Species monoporusmonoporus Kingdom:Animalia Phylum:Arthropoda Class:Malacostraca Order:Decapoda Family:Nephropidae Genus:Homarus Species:H. americanus Which of these animals are most alike? Explain. Clam Worm Soil Centipede American Lobster

Using the Taxonomic Key to Stream Water Animals to identify the following organisms

Use the Dichotomous Key for Stream Animals to Identify Mayfly Larva Single hook on end of each appendage (leg) Tails are “thin”, like hairs.

Use the Dichotomous Key for Stream Animals to Identify Hellgrammite These are legs All these long, pointy parts are NOT legs. PU

Use the Dichotomous Key for Stream Animals to Identify Damselfly Nymph Tails are “ wide.”

Use the Dichotomous Key for Stream Animals to Identify Emerging from sand tube. Caddisfly Larvae Legs…3 on both sides. These are little hooks.

Use the Dichotomous Key for Stream Animals to Identify Cranefly Larvae Hmmm. I don’t see any legs here…or a head for that matter!

Use the Dichotomous Key for Stream Animals to Identify Dragonfly Nymph These three short points are NOT “tails.” They are just short points..

Use coral reef animal Key

Has spines, but too small to see here. Does not look like a rock or stone. It may have some tentacles, but they are few and usually not visible. Looks kind of like a fat worm, doesn’t it?

Trumpet Triton

I do have spines, but they are very short. Brittle Star

I have lots of spines all over my body, but they are very short compared to the spines of my cousins. Heart Urchin

Use Birds Dichotomous Key Masked Booby

Black Noddy

Red-tailed Tropic Bird

Use Cedar Glade Flowers Key Change answer six so that it says “6” petals instead of “5.”

Price’s Wood Sorrell A “daisy-like” flower would be similar to this. Multiple, long, slender petals.

Sunnybell Lily

A “daisy-like” flower would be similar to this. Multiple, long, slender petals. None of these flowers is yellow in color even though they have a yellow center. This color to the left is lavendar. Blue-eyed grass

Dichotomous Key Summative Assessment Use the appropriate dichotomous key to identify the organisms. (Separate PowerPoint)