1. Chapter 15.4 Classification and Taxonomy

2. What is Taxonomy?
The identification, naming, and classification of species
Many common names can be too confusing and make it difficult to organize into something that makes sense:
Catfish, silverfish, and crayfish
Each name is similar but each are very different organisms
Biologists must be able to communicate with one another about the species they study, no matter what language they speak.
Goal: of taxonomy is to assign a universal scientific name to each known species

3. The Linnaean System of Classification
-Created by Carolus Linnaeus ( )
-Two main characteristics of this system
oTwo part Latin name for each species
oAn ordering of species into broader and broader groups.
Naming system
- Binomial system (two parts)
1.genus to which the species belongs
2.second part refers to one species within the genus
Examples:
Panthera pardus = Leopard Panthera leo = Lion

4. Organisms are grouped into smaller and smaller groups all the way down to their species
A species is the most specific grouping and includes only organisms that can interbreed with each other and produce fertile offspring *

5. The Seven Level System Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
Phillip
Called
Oprah
For
Good
Spices

6. **Important to know that science is able to revise its views over time**
Organisms are grouped by examining how an organism gets its energy, studying cells, comparing DNA and Structural Anatomy

7. Humans = Homo sapiens Humans would be classified as the following:
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Primates
Family: Hominidae
Genus: Homo
Species: sapiens
Humans = Homo sapiens

8. Archaea: prokaryotes; extremophiles
3 Domain System:
Archaea: prokaryotes; extremophiles
Eubacteria: prokaryotes; true bacteria
Eukarya: eukaryotes
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia *

9. Eukaryotic- Have a nucleus Unicellular
Kingdom Fungi: All eukaryotic, multicellular, heterotrophic Includes: molds, mushrooms, rusts, lichens
Kingdom Plantae: Eukaryotic, multicellular, autotrophic Includes: Pteridophyta (ferns) Coniferophyta (conifers, like pine trees)
Kingdom Protists:
Eukaryotic- Have a nucleus
Unicellular
Animal-Like Protists (protozoans)
Pseudopods, Ciliates, Flagellates
Examples: Amoeba, Paramecia, Giardia
Plant-Like Protists (autotrophic)
Euglenoids, Dinoflagellates, Diatoms, Green/Red/Brown Algae
Fungus-Like Protists
Examples: Water molds, slime molds
All eukaryotic, multicellular, autotrophic, sessile organisms
Produce their own food from sunlight and carbon dioxide
Common Phyla:
Bryophyta (mosses)
Pteridophyta (ferns)
Coniferophyta (conifers, like pine trees)
Angiospermophyta (angiosperms, like flowering plants) *

10. Kingdom Animalia
All eukaryotic, multicellular, heterotrophic, motile (most) organisms

11. Why use a dead language? Ursus americanus American Black Bear
Binomial Nomenclature: “a two-name system”
First part of name: genus first letter always capitalized
Second part of name: species first letter always lowercase
Entire name is underlined and italicized
Names must be submitted for acceptance by original discoverer, and are generally Latin or Latinized
Binomial Nomenclature: “a two-name system”
First part of name: genus first letter always capitalized
Second part of name: species first letter always lowercase
Entire name is underlined and italicized
Names must be submitted for acceptance by original discoverer, and are generally Latin or Latinized
Why use a dead language? *

12. Devil Cat

13. Ghost Cat

14. Mountain Lion

15. Screaming Cat

16. Puma

17. Florida Panther

18. Cougar

19. There are at least 50 common names for the animal shown on the previous 7 slides.
Common names vary according to region.
Soooo……why use a scientific name?

20. THE CLASSIFICATION OF FOUR ORGANISMS Organism Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
Dog Animal Chordata Mammalia Carnivora Canidae Canis familiaris
Wolf Animal Chordata Mammalia Carnivora Canidae Canis lupus
Orangutan Animal Chordata Mammalia Primates Hominidae Pongo pygmaeus
Chimpanzee Animal Chordata Mammalia Primates Pongidae Pan troglodytes
1. What three classification groups are shared by all four organisms? __________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
2. Which organism is more similar to a chimpanzee—an orangutan or a dog? Explain. _____________
3. Which organism is more similar to a wolf—a dog or a chimpanzee? Explain. __________________