THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Prepared by: Sharina Hadji Manan Johara T. Udtog
[Gk. Hormao instigate], are chemical messenger produced in one part of the body that controls the activity of other parts.
Steroid Hormone Derivatives of the Amino Acid Tyrosine Proteins or Peptides
PRINCIPAL ENDOCRINE GLANDS AND HORMONES IN THE BODY
Hypothalamus Endocrine Gland: Hypothalamus Hormone Released: Hypothalamic - releasin & release- inhibiting hormones Target Tissues/Organs: Anterior pituitary Function(s) of Hormones: Regulate anterior pituitary hormones
Posterior pituitary Endocrine Gland: Posterior pituitary Hormone Released: Antidiuretic (ADH) Target Tissues/Organs:Kidneys Function(s) of Hormones: Stimulates water reabsorptionby kidneys Stimulates water reabsorption by kidneys
Posterior pituitary Endocrine Gland: Posterior pituitary Hormone Released:Oxytocin Target Tissues/Organs: Uterus, mammary glands Function(s) of Hormones: Stimulates uterine muscle construction, release of milk by mammary glands
Anterior Pituitary Endocrine Gland: Anterior Pituitary Hormone Released: Thyroid-stimulating (TSH) Thyroid-stimulating (TSH) Target Tissues/Organs:Thyroid Function(s) of Hormones: Stimulates thyroid hormone Synthesis and secretion
Anterior Pituitary Endocrine Gland: Anterior Pituitary Hormone Released: Adrenocorticotropic (ACTH) Adrenocorticotropic (ACTH) Target Tissues/Organs: Adrenal cortex Function(s) of Hormones: Stimulates adrenal cortex
Anterior Pituitary Endocrine Gland: Anterior Pituitary Hormone Released: Gonadotropic [follicle-Gonads stimulating (FSH),luteinizing (LH) Gonadotropic [follicle-Gonads stimulating (FSH),luteinizing (LH) Target Tissues/Organs:Gonads Function(s) of Hormones: Egg and sperm production and sex hormone production
Anterior Pituitary Endocrine Gland: Anterior Pituitary Hormone Released: Prolactin (PRL) Target Tissues/Organs: Mammary glands Function(s) of Hormones: Milk production
Anterior Pituitary Endocrine Gland: Anterior Pituitary Hormone Released: Growth (GH) Target Tissues/Organs: Soft tissues bones Function(s) of Hormones: Cell division, protein synthesis and bone growth
Anterior Pituitary Endocrine Gland: Anterior Pituitary Hormone Released: Melanocyte- stimulating (MSH) Target Tissues/Organs: Melanocytes in skin Function(s) of Hormones: Unknown function in humans regulates skin color in lower vertebrate
Thyroid Endocrine Gland: Thyroid Hormone Released: Thyroxine (T4) and triidothyronine (T3) Target Tissues/Organs: All tissues Function(s) of Hormones: Increase metabolic rate; Regulates growth and development
Parathyroid Endocrine Gland: Parathyroid Hormone Released: Parathyroid (PTH) Target Tissues/Organs: Bones, kidneys, intestine Function(s) of Hormones: Raises blood calcium level
Thyroid Endocrine Gland: Thyroid Hormone Released:Calcitonin Target Tissues/Organs: Bones, kidneys, intestine Function(s) of Hormones: Lower blood calcium level
Adrenal cortex Endocrine Gland: Adrenal cortex Hormone Released: Glucocorticoids (cortisol) Target Tissues/Organs: All tissues Function(s) of Hormones: Raises blood glucose level; stimulate breakdown of protein
Adrenal cortex Endocrine Gland: Adrenal cortex Hormone Released: Mineralocorticoids (cortisol) Target Tissues/Organs: All tissues Function(s) of Hormones: Reabsorb sodium and excrete potassium
Adrenal cortex Endocrine Gland: Adrenal cortex Hormone Released: Sex hormones Target Tissues/Organs: Gonads, skin, muscles, bones Function(s) of Hormones: Stimulate reproductive organs and bring about sex characteristics
Adrenal medulla Endocrine Gland: Adrenal medulla Hormone Released: Epinephrine and norepinephrine Target Tissues/Organs: Cardiac and other muscles Function(s) of Hormones: Emergency situations; raise blood glucose level
Pancreas Endocrine Gland: Pancreas Hormone Released:Insulin Target Tissues/Organs: Liver, muscles; adipose tissues Function(s) of Hormones: Lower blood glucose level; promotes formation of glycogen
Pancreas Endocrine Gland: Pancreas Hormone Released:Glucagon Target Tissues/Organs: Liver, muscles; adipose tissues Function(s) of Hormones: Raises blood glucose level
Testes Endocrine Gland: Testes Hormone Released: Androgens (testosterone) Target Tissues/Organs: Gonads, skin, muscles, bones Function(s) of Hormones: Stimulate secondary male sex characteristics
Ovaries Endocrine Gland: Ovaries Hormone Released: Estrogens and progesterone Target Tissues/Organs: Gonads, skin, muscles, bones Function(s) of Hormones: Stimulate female sex characteristics
Pineal gland Endocrine Gland: Pineal gland Hormone Released:Melatonin Target Tissues/Organs:Brain Function(s) of Hormones: Circadian and circannual rhythms; possibly involved in maturation of sex organs