1. ENDOCRINE SYSTEM The endocrine glands secrete hormones into the blood. The endocrine glands secrete hormones into the blood. The endocrine glands are The endocrine glands are pituitary gland thyroid gland parathyroid glands adrenal glands ovaries/ testes and placenta pancreasthymuspineal

2. ANTERIOR PITUITARY  GONADOTROPHINS (affect gonads) Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) F-stimulates the development of the follicle M-stimulates the production and maturation of sperm in the testes …hypothalamus releasing factor/oestrogen level Luteinising hormone (LH) Luteinising hormone (LH) F-brings about ovulation and formation of corpus luteum in the ovary M-stimulates the secretion of testosterone from the testes …hypothalamus releasing factor/oestrogen …hypothalamus releasing factor/oestrogen

3. GROWTH HORMONE (GH) GROWTH HORMONE (GH) Stimulates the growth of body cells especially the skeleton. It increases the rate of amino acid uptake by the cells. maintains the size of organs after maturity. ….hypothalamus releasing factor

4.  THYROID STIMULATING HORMONE Stimulates the production and release of the thyroid hormone- thyroxine, from the thyroid gland Stimulates the production and release of the thyroid hormone- thyroxine, from the thyroid gland ….thyroxine in the blood and hypothalamus factors

5.  PROLACTIN Initiates (starts) and maintains milk secretion from the mammary glands in females Initiates (starts) and maintains milk secretion from the mammary glands in females ….hypothalamus factors

6.  ADRENOCORTICOTROPHIC HORMONE Stimulates the adrenal cortex to release cortisol or cortisone Stimulates the adrenal cortex to release cortisol or cortisone ….glucocorticoids in blood, hypothalamus factors

7. POSTERIOR PITUITARY  OXYTOCIN Causes contraction of smooth muscles of the uterus during labour, and milk ducts of the breasts to release milk in milk let down Causes contraction of smooth muscles of the uterus during labour, and milk ducts of the breasts to release milk in milk let down …..hypothalamus in response to stretch and suckling.

8.  ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE Acts on the kidneys to remove water from urine, concentrating the urine Acts on the kidneys to remove water from urine, concentrating the urine …. Water in the blood, osmotic pressure in the blood detected by the hypothalamus

9. THYROID HORMONE  THYROXINE Increases metabolic rate Increases metabolic rate Target of most tissues Target of most tissues …..TSH and thyroxine levels CALCITONIN Decreases blood calcium levels Decreases blood calcium levels Acts on bone to stop reabsorption of calcium and phosphate Acts on bone to stop reabsorption of calcium and phosphate ……Blood levels of calcium and phosphate

10. PARATHYROID GLAND  PARATHYROID HORMONE Increases calcium and phosphate levels in the blood Increases calcium and phosphate levels in the blood Acts on bone to increase bone breakdown Acts on bone to increase bone breakdown ……calcium and phosphate levels in the blood

11. ADRENAL CORTEX  ALDOSTERONE Acts on kidney to decrease sodium and increase potassium in the blood Acts on kidney to decrease sodium and increase potassium in the blood …..sodium and potassium in the blood

12.  CORTISOL Promotes normal metabolism and increase resistance to stress Promotes normal metabolism and increase resistance to stress ……stress, ACTH

13. ADRENAL MEDULLA  ADRENALINE Similar to sympathetic nervous system, reinforces it. Similar to sympathetic nervous system, reinforces it. Most body tissues Most body tissues …..sympathetic nervous system

14.  NOR ADRENALINE Similar to Adrenaline especially, increase heart rate and strength, vasoconstriction of skin viscera and skeletal muscles which raises blood pressure Similar to Adrenaline especially, increase heart rate and strength, vasoconstriction of skin viscera and skeletal muscles which raises blood pressure Is a neurotransmitter Is a neurotransmitter ……sympathetic nervous system

15. PANCREAS  INSULIN Decreases blood glucose (sugar) Decreases blood glucose (sugar) Body cells Body cells …..blood glucose level GLUCAGON Increases blood glucose (sugar) Increases blood glucose (sugar) Liver mostly Liver mostly …….blood glucose level

16. TESTES  ANDROGEN (TESTOSTERONE) Development and maintenance of male sex characteristics Development and maintenance of male sex characteristics ….. FSH, LH

17. OVARIES  OESTROGEN Growth of uterine lining and female sex characteristics Growth of uterine lining and female sex characteristics …… FSH, LH …… FSH, LHPROGSTERONE Maintenance of the uterine lining and breast development Maintenance of the uterine lining and breast development …….FSH,LH