Reading: Page 11 Worksheet 5 The Soviet Union Reading: Page 11 Worksheet 5

The Bolsheviks were against fighting in World War I

Their Leader was Lenin

Lenin promised the people: peace, land, and bread

Russia was having a revolution

Bolsheviks were also called Communists (5) A Civil War began in Russia (6) This civil war was the “reds” against the “whites” (7)

The Two Sides Reds Communists Or, Bolsheviks (8) Whites Wanted a representative government Side the Americans and Western Europe supported (9)

To make sure they couldn’t come back and re-take power in Russia: The communists had the tsar and his family killed (10) One “rumor” tells of how one of the tsars daughters (Anastasia) may have secretly escaped (11)

Reading: Page 12 Worksheet: 6 The Soviet Union Reading: Page 12 Worksheet: 6

Communists got their ideas from: Karl Marx (1) His “philosophy” was that workers of the world should have revolutions (2) Marx called Capitalists: “greedy” owners of factories and businesses (3)

Working conditions in the late 1800’s and early 1900’s Long Hours (12-14 a day) Low pay No benefits Dangerous and harmful places to work No unions

Marx said the workers were exploited (taken advantage of) (5) He called these workers the “proletariat” (6) He believed this workers revolution would take place in industrialized countries (7) Industrialized countries have factories and are manufacturers of products (8)

But, Russia was a land of Peasant Farmers

Lenin studied and believed what Karl Marx had to say (10) Lenin believed capitalists should NOT control “means of production” (11) These are things needed to make products (including natural resources) (12)

Lenin wanted the communists to take over: ownership of resources transportation mines farms factories

Society: people Lenin wanted a “classless society” where they would all be the same.

Lenin wanted communism to spread to the rest of the world (16) The United States has struggled with this idea (17) It did not spread to the U.S. because Americans were already getting better working conditions (18) The struggle between Russia and the West was: because each was trying to spread their ideas to the rest of the world (19)

This struggle lasted until 1991

Reading: Page 14 Worksheet: 8 The Soviet Union Reading: Page 14 Worksheet: 8

Lenin’s tomb is in Red Square - The Red Square (Krasnaja Ploshad) was a market place in the fifteenth century and acquired its present name in the seventeenth century. It's the most popular place in Moscow. This square has been a key place for Russians: Ivan the Terrible confessed his misdeeds here in 1547, massive executions were here and during the communist time parades on the 1st of May were also here. There are lots of museums situated nearby, everything is at one place. it's a heart of Moscow.

Red Square

Lenin’s Tomb Lenin's Mausoleum Lenin's Mausoleum still the resting place of the embalmed body of the founder of Soviet Communism since 1924, housed in a futuristic granite-cube building designed by Shchusev that stands on Red Square next to the Kremlin walls. Even today Lenin is still seen quite often, from the life his like "inspiring" statues that are still standing, in and around Russia. Where is Lenin's tomb, right in the middle of Red Square, the red granite pyramid like structure with the name in Cyrillic "Lenin" on the outside.

Lenin’s Tomb

St. Basil’s Cathedral

The Kremlin

Stalin took over after Lenin died

Trotsky opposed Stalin, had to leave Russia and was later murdered by Stalin’s friends

The Great Purges Purge means to cleanse or make pure Results of the Terror (Results Of The Terror – Insane Stalin Grabs All Power) 1.   Whole Country 2.   Orthodox Church attacked 3.   Twenty million dead – many more imprisoned. 4.   Terror – People lived in fear of the Secret Police. 5.   Industry – grew (the Terror provided free slave labour), but technology and science were held back by loss of top engineers and scientists. 6.   Stalin Cult 7.   Gulag 8.   Army and navy weakened by purges of leading officers 9.   Purges – political opponents eliminated  

The communists set up: Five Year Plans Cooperatives'. 1930. 'Working in a new way; leading in a new way -  Our production programme can and must be achieved' (23.6.31). Publishing House of the Peoples of the USSR.                                                                                                                             The communists set up: Five Year Plans

1930’s: Hitler took over Germany (6) (7) He set out to: conquer the world kill all Jews in Europe (8) He was the head of the Nazi Party

(9) Stalin and Hitler agreed to not go to war against each other (10) But, in 1941, Hitler invaded Russia (11) The Russians “scorched the earth” to drive the Germans out of Russia

The United States helped Russia during World War II

Eastern European countries became known as: (13) Iron Curtain Countries (14) It was as if an “iron curtain’ had been pulled across Eastern Europe so other countries of the world could not see what was taking place there

(15) They were given this name by Winston Churchill (16) This was the start of “The Red Scare”