The Odyssey Condominium Aaron Snyder Arlington, Virginia Structural Option Senior Thesis Spring 2006

The Odyssey Condominium Building Introduction Structural Description Arlington, Virginia Outline Building Introduction Structural Description Proposal Structural Design Flat Plate Columns Lateral System Construction Study Cost Comparison Schedule Comparison Building Envelope Conclusion Acknowledgments

The Odyssey Condominium Location Arlington, Virginia - Court District Building Introduction Arlington, Virginia Location Arlington, Virginia - Court District 15th Street and Clarendon Boulevard

The Odyssey Condominium Total Area: 475,650 sq. ft. Building Introduction Arlington, Virginia Total Area: 475,650 sq. ft. 16 Level Residential Tower (1-16) 320 Condominium Units Custom Platinum Suites 3 Levels of Underground Parking (B3-B1) 2-3 Story Townhouses "Special Affordable Housing Protection District" (SAHPD) Commercial Space Project Cost: $65 Million Project Duration: April 2004 – June 2006

The Odyssey Condominium Owner Monument Realty, LLC Design Professionals Arlington, Virginia Owner Monument Realty, LLC Architect Shalom Baranes Associates Structural Ehlert / Bryan Inc. Engineer Construction Donohoe Construction Co. Manager Mechanical Mendoza, Ribas, Farinas & Associates Curtain wall Emmitsburg Glass Co. Concrete SMC Concrete Construction, Inc.

The Odyssey Condominium Building Envelope: Building Introduction Arlington, Virginia Building Envelope: Full Height Aluminum Curtain Walls - East Elevation Brick Veneer and Sliding Windows Mechanical: Residential Units: 600-1800 CFM water to air heat pumps 14,000 CFM HVAC unit supplies 100% outside air to public corridors Architecture: Concrete column and steel-beam trellis framework

The Odyssey Structural Description Condominium Building Introduction Arlington, Virginia Outline Building Introduction Structural Description Proposal Structural Design Flat Plate Columns Lateral System Construction Study Cost Comparison Schedule Comparison Building Envelope Conclusion Acknowledgments

The Odyssey Condominium Floor Systems Garage Levels: Structural Description Arlington, Virginia Floor Systems Garage Levels: 8.5” 2-way Reinforced Flat Plate w/ Drop Panels Concrete Strength: Levels B3-B1 5000psi Residential Levels: 8” 2-way Post-Tensioned Flat Plate Levels 1-4 6000psi Levels 5-16 5000psi 25’ x 22’ and 25’ x 28’

The Odyssey Condominium Columns Residential Levels: Structural Description Arlington, Virginia Columns Residential Levels: 18” x 26” with #11 bar reinforcement (TYP.) Concrete Strength: Levels 1-4 : 8000psi Levels 5 : 6000psi Levels 6-16 : 5000psi - Concrete Strength Varies to Maintain Uniform Size Foundation Concrete Column Footings Partial Mat Footings

The Odyssey Condominium Lateral System Dual System: A Structural Description Arlington, Virginia Lateral System Dual System: Concrete Shear Walls 4000psi Ordinary Concrete Moment Frames - Slab Frame System Shear Walls: A & B: B3 – 4th Levels 14” x 10’-0” 10” x 17’-0” C , C1 : 1st – 16th Levels 10” x 13’-10.5” E: 1st – 14th Levels 10” x 29’-5” Reinforcement: #5 & #6 @ 12” A E B C,C1

The Odyssey Proposal Condominium Building Introduction Arlington, Virginia Outline Building Introduction Structural Description Proposal Structural Design Flat Plate Columns Lateral System Construction Study Cost Comparison Schedule Comparison Building Envelope Conclusion Acknowledgments

The Odyssey Is There a Feasible Alternative Floor System ? Condominium Arlington, Virginia Proposal The Odyssey was designed with consideration of height restrictions A minimum floor-to-floor height was required over 16 levels An 8” 2-way post-tensioned flat plate was designed Is There a Feasible Alternative Floor System ? Design Criteria Minimum Structural Depth Maintain Existing Residential Layout Column Locations Maintain Floor-to-Ceiling Height: 8’ – 8” Limit Building Height : 180’ IBC 2003 / ASCE7-02 Reinforced 2-way Flat Plate Design

The Odyssey Structural Design Condominium Building Introduction Arlington, Virginia Outline Building Introduction Structural Description Proposal Structural Design Flat Plate Columns Lateral System Construction Study Cost Comparison Schedule Comparison Building Envelope Conclusion Acknowledgments

The Odyssey Condominium Design Program Design Loads: Dead: Live: Structural Design Arlington, Virginia Design Program Design Loads: Dead: Live: Roof 50 psf Roof 30 psf Mech. 150 psf Mech. 150 psf Res. 27 psf Res. 40 psf Façade 32 psf Public 100 psf

The Odyssey Condominium Flat Plate Thickness Arlington, Virginia Flat Plate Design Flat Plate Thickness Minimum Thickness – ACI 318-05 Table 9.5(c) Exterior Panel Without Edge Beams ln/30 11” Interior Panel ln/33 10” Maximum Deflection – 5000psi Slab Long Term Dead Load / Short Term Live Load l/480 Δmax = Δcol x,y + Δmid y,x 11” ok Punching Shear – ACI 318-05 11.12.2.1 Vc = 4 √f’c bo d - Controlled 11” ok

The Odyssey Condominium Offset Column Design Strip Idealization Arlington, Virginia Flat Plate Design Offset Column Design Strip Idealization Offset Strip Design Strip

The Odyssey Condominium Equivalent Frame Method - ADOSS Arlington, Virginia Flat Plate Design Equivalent Frame Method - ADOSS Residential: Dead Load (27psf) / Live Load (40psf) Minimum Development Lengths Overall Steel Weight : #4 / #6 - 41.1 tons #5 / #7 - 46.3 tons

The Odyssey Condominium Equivalent Frame Method - ADOSS Arlington, Virginia Flat Plate Design Equivalent Frame Method - ADOSS Lateral Analysis – 10% Story Force Minimum Development Lengths Overall Steel Weight : #4 / #6 - 41.1 tons Lateral : #4 / #6 - 42.4 tons

The Odyssey 22” x 28” Condominium Large Tributary Areas Arlington, Virginia Column Design Design Objectives: Minimum Column Dimensions Maintain Architectural Integrity Design Uniform Column Size Critical Columns: Large Tributary Areas Column Load-Take down (Public Space 100psf) Biaxial Bending Design Size: 20” x 26” 22” x 28” Concrete Strength: Levels 1-4 : 8000psi Levels 5 : 6000psi Levels 6-16 : 5000psi

The Odyssey Condominium Arlington, Virginia Lateral Design Assumption: The Flat Plate Would Act as a Cracked Section Limiting Stiffness Design Objective: Adhere to the Existing Architectural Program Limit Displacement (H/600) – Brick Veneer Limit Story Drift (.02hsx) – Seismic Use Group I Design Loads: Wind and Seismic Loads : ASCE7-02 Analytical Procedure – Tributary Area Equivalent Lateral Force Procedure Seismic Controls Account for the Increase in Building Height and Weight

The Odyssey Condominium Lateral Loading Arlington, Virginia Lateral Design Lateral Loading Full wind loads were applied in all principle and intermediate directions Wind load cases were applied in accordance with ASCE7-02 Maximum drift at the building corners

The Odyssey Condominium Shear Walls Arlington, Virginia Lateral Design Shear Walls Added to resist imposed seismic loads Analyzed in iterations by extruding shear walls A & B Displacement : 6” Lateral design adjustment

The Odyssey Condominium Slab Frame / Shear Walls Arlington, Virginia Lateral Design Slab Frame / Shear Walls Integrated Slab Frame – Moment Frames The slab frame system was simulated as beams with the same structural depth as the flat plate Shear walls A & B extended to the 14th level Displacement : 3”

The Odyssey Construction Study Condominium Building Introduction Arlington, Virginia Outline Building Introduction Structural Description Proposal Structural Design Flat Plate Columns Lateral System Construction Study Cost Comparison Schedule Comparison Building Envelope Conclusion Acknowledgments

Flat Plate Columns Shear Walls The Odyssey Condominium Arlington, Virginia Cost Comparison Typical Residential Level: Average Square Foot Cost Material Take-off: R.S. Means Flat Plate Columns Shear Walls $ 21/SF $ 26/SF

The Odyssey Conclusion Condominium Building Introduction Arlington, Virginia Outline Building Introduction Structural Description Proposal Structural Design Flat Plate Columns Lateral System Construction Study Cost Comparison Schedule Comparison Building Envelope Conclusion Acknowledgments

The Odyssey Ceiling height maintained : 8’ – 8” Condominium Arlington, Virginia Conclusion Proposed Flat Plate System: Ceiling height maintained : 8’ – 8” Overall building height < 180’ Increase in structural depth : 8” to 11” Adjustment in column size Integrated slab frame system: Added shear walls Induced Construction Cost

The Odyssey Condominium Arlington, Virginia Conclusion Through my analysis I came to the conclusion that although the proposed system met design criteria, the structural design of the building and associated costs are more feasible with a 2-way post-tensioned flat plate design.

The Odyssey Condominium AE faculty : Professor M. Kevin Parfitt Arlington, Virginia Acknowledgements AE faculty : Professor M. Kevin Parfitt Dr. Linda Hanagan Dr. Thomas Boothby Ehlert / Bryan Inc. Jason Sparrow Donohoe Construction Co. Jon Peterson Friends, Family, and Fellow Students

The Odyssey Condominium Arlington, Virginia ? Questions