Mughal Empire Hangama Hai Kyon Barpa (Why is there such a Commotion?)

Babur Babur inherited kingdom in 1494. He was 11 and led them to victory.

Babur strong and sensitive leads 12,000 to defeat 100,000 “Some in the army were very anxious and full of fear. Nothing recommends anxiety and fear…why? Because what God has fixed in eternity cannot be changed. But… it was no reproach to be afraid or anxious… why?Because those thus anxious and afraid were there with a two or three months’ journey between them and their homes; our affair was with a foreign tribe and people; none knew their tongue, nor did they know ours.”

Akbar (جلال الدین محمد اکبر) - Golden Age 1556-1605 (b.1542) Known as the “Great One” Married 2 Hindu a Christian and a Muslim Abolished taxes against non Muslims (jizya) “ A monarch should ever be intent on conquest”

Jahangir and Nur Jahan Jahangir weak- but wife really ruled Son tries to rebel and Nur Jahan expels him…he then turns to Sikhs Jahangir and Nur Jahan do not have religious tolerance Jahangir and Abbas-The Mogul emperor Jahangir(left) entertains the Persian shah Abbas. Angels hold semicircular row of golden orbs bearing the words " Likeness of his majesty Nur-Ad-Din Jahangir Padshah". At lower left is Asaf Khan, Jahangir's ambassador to the court of abbas. Scholars have identifed the dark table and ewer as italian, the brown porcelin cup as chinese and the glass vases as Venitian. Inscription at top and bottom hail Jahangir and Abbas as heroes and world conquerers, united to bring peace to all people. (Smithsonian)

Shah Jahan Shah Jahan- Nur Jahan’s son is forced to marry Persian Princess but falls deeply in love. During birth of 14th child she dies He becomes obsessed with building the Taj Mahal in her memory People suffer…drought crop failure and taxes

Aurangzeb When father becomes ill 3rd of 4 sons acts quickly takes power by killing older brother and arresting his father Greatest Expansion leads to weakening of Empire Brings back tax on non muslim Sikhs form brotherhood in Punjab. Mixture of Islam, Suffism, and Buddism Picture: Tomb of Aurganzeb Image from: http://aurangabad.indianvisit.com/tourist-attractions.html

Decline and Decay After Aurungzeb several Civil wars break out Keep in mind that this is what allows foreign powers to dominate them

Summary Questions What religion were Mughal leaders? He built the Taj Mahal for his wife? The religion that is a mixture of Islam, Buddhism and Sufism? He was a weak leader but gave power to his wife? Who was known as the Great One for his expansion of the Mughal Empire? His Expansion led to a decline? At 11 he led the rule of the Mughal