1. (India)
The mughal empire

2. HISTORY OF INDIA IN 1400S Lush country  many cities & temples
Hindu lower classes labored for Muslim/Hindu masters
Gupta Empire collapsing
1st Ottomans (Timur the Lame) conquers New Delhi, then…
Huge clash between Hindus (India)
& Muslims (Ottomans)
 Hindus won
New Delhi is destroyed and weak

3. BABUR 1494 – 11 yr. old boy, BABUR, inherits
kingdom in N. India  But elders drove
him away
He moved south & later set groundwork for MUGHAL EMPIRE
Strong & sensitive leader; “Renaissance Man”
Defeated massive RAJPUT army (“sons of kings” or Turkish warlords & moved into New Delhi
Area weak, so nomadic people invade India, called Mughals or “Mongols” (Muslim)

4. AKBAR: THE GOLDEN AGE Grandson of Babur; aka “Great One”
1556 – 1605: comes to power, gains land & builds a unified Mughal Empire – Golden Age
He is a Muslim

5. AKBAR’S ACCOMPLISHMENTS
Rules with religious tolerance
Abolishes special taxes on non-Muslims
Bureaucracy of educated officials rules efficiently
Reorganized taxes to represent % of crops (more $)
War-like – armies are equipped with heavy artillery
Employs some potential enemies

6. AKBAR’S ACCOMPLISHMENTS CONTINUED
Cultural diffusion – many cultures/languages combined
Upper class spoke Persian
Common people spoke Hindi (Persian & local language) ; Army people spoke Urdu (Arabic, Persian & Hindi)
book illustrations – miniatures were
detailed, colorful stories
library & schools
architecture – massive, graceful, decorated with stonework of Hindu themes

7. JAHANGIR Akbar dies in 1605; Akbar’s son Jahangir rules
aka “Grasper of the World”
weak ruler & relied on his wife, NUR JAHEN
Raises taxes & neglects people
Persecutes Sikhs religion that blends Buddhism, Hinduism, & mysticism
Ended religious toleration

8. SHAH JAHAN Secured throne through assassination of all rivals
Greatest accomplishment: built TAJ MAHAL, tomb for his deceased wife, Mumtaz Mahal
BUT country suffered because spent so much time & money to build it  increased taxes

9. TAJ MAHAL

10. AURANGZEB Shah Jahan sick, so 3rd son, AURANGZEB, takes throne
(kills brother & puts Shah. Jahan in prison)
EXPANDS MUGHAL EMPIRE TO ITS GREATEST SIZE
BUT empire is weak because of oppression of his people (harsh laws & destroys temples)

11. EMPIRE’S DECLINE & DECAY
Long line of weak rulers  Mughal Emperor now only wealthy figurehead
Empire no longer united because of corruption; now bunch of independent states

12. EUROPEANS MOVE IN TO TRADE
Europeans (Portuguese, Dutch, French, & English) had trading outposts in Mughal Empire the whole time  Mughals not threatened by them
Aurangzeb gave Europeans the port of Bombay  big mistake , BIG important city for trade in the future. (England ends up ruling most of India as a result of this
TRADE: British wanted Indian
textiles, mostly COTTON & SPICES