1 ESSENTIAL CONCEPTS OF METABOLISM CHAPTER 5

2 Metabolism Anabolism Catabolism

3 Energy Capture Oxidation Reduction Redox NAD + + e > NADH Oxidized formReduced form

4 Metabolic Lifestyles — Autotrophy Photoautotroph Chemoautotroph

5 Metabolic Lifestyles — Heterotrophy Photoheterotroph Chemoheterotroph

6 Metabolic Lifestyles Summary

7 Enzymes Role Structure

8 Enzyme Sites Active Site

9 Enzyme Inhibition Competitive

10 Enzyme Inhibition Non-competitive

11 Allosteric Site

12 Reaction Rate Influences Temperature

13 Reaction Rate Influences pH

14 Enzyme Reaction Rates Enzyme concentration Reactant concentration Product concentration

15 LeChatlier’s Principle and the BioChemical Pathway A + B C + D Want to go forward? Increase concentration of A + B or Decrease concentration of C + D

16 Anaerobic metabolism Glycolysis

17 Anaerobic Pathways Alternatives Fermentation

18 Emden-Meyerhoff Standard glycolysis

19 Entner-Douderoff pathway

20 Aerobic Metabolism Krebs Cycle (aka. TCA cycle, citric acid cycle)

21 Krebs cycle

22 Electron Transport Chain

23 Electron Transport Chain

24 Chemiosmosis

25 Anaerobic Respiration Final electron acceptor differences

26 Fat Catabolism Glycerol Fatty Acids

27 Protein Catabolism Deamination Carbon skeleton usage

28 Protein anabolism (amino acid synthesis) Precursors off of Krebs cycle

29 Photosynthesis

30 Photosynthesis

31 Photosynthesis

32 Other Metabolic Processes Photoheterotrophy (Rhodopseudomonas) Light as energy carbohydrates as carbon source Chemoautotrophy (Nitrobacter) HNO 2 as energy CO 2 as carbon source

33 Uses Of Energy Biosynthesis Membrane Transport Active transport/antiport Movement ATP to drive flagella or cilia

34 Bioluminescence Microbial Source