1. Cellular Respiration 8.1 Overview

2. What is respiration?  Three definitions  Inspiration-expiration  Exchange of O 2 for CO 2 in lungs  Consumption of O 2 and production of CO 2 in tissues  Involves glucose  Exergonic  Produces ATP  Redox reaction

3. What are NAD + and FAD?  Enzymes use these during oxidation respiration  FAD sometimes used instead

4. What are the phases of respiration?  Glycolysis  Krebs cycle (citric acid cycle)  Electron transport chain

5. Cellular Respiration 8.2 Glycolysis

6. What is glycolysis?  Literally means _________  Happens outside mitochondrion  Goal is to generate pyruvate  Two stages  Energy investment  Phosphoryation using 2 ATP  Energy harvest  See next slide…

7. What happens during energy harvest?  Substrate level phosphorylization  To make ATP  Pyruvate also formed  Overall reaction:

8. Cellular Respiration 8.3 Krebs Cycle

9. What is the Krebs Cycle?  AKA the citric acid cycle  Happens in mitochondrial matrix  Goal: generate ATP, FADH2 and NADH from pyruvate  Series of redox reactions  A type of metabolic pathway

10. What are the steps?  Prepatory step  Convert pyruvate to acetyle co-A

11. What happens next?  Citric Acid Cycle  Key: it’s a cycle– it repeats!

12. What are the products of the Krebs cycle?

13. Cellular Respiration 8.4 Electron transport chain

14. What is the electron transport chain (ETC)?  Series of redox reactions to make ______  Happens in cristae  Oxidative phophorylation  Consumes oxygen  Produces ATP + H 2 O

15. What are the steps of the ETC?  Chemiosmosis involved  Passing of  Electrons  H +

16. What is energy yield of oxidative respiration?  After all three stages

17. Cellular Respiration 8.5 Fermentation

18. What happens if no oxygen is present?  Anaerobic respiration  Inorganic molecule is final electron acceptor  Some bacteria use  Fermentation  Organic molecule is final electron acceptor  Different types  Alcoholic fermentation  Lactic acid fermentation

19. What happens in fermentation?  Glycolysis  Then  pyruvate reduction  NAD regeneration

20. What are the pros and cons of fermentation?  Pros  Oxygen not necessary  Cons  Very low ATP production

21. What is the metabolic pool?  Compounds oxidized for entry into biosynthesis reactions  Catabolism  Deamination (in liver)  Anabolism