Immunology & Disease

Immunity - defense against pathogenic organisms and non-self entities Non-specific Immunity Skin (very effective if unbroken) Mucous membranes Tears (lysozyme) Stomach acid Phagocytes Inflammatory response

Specific Immunity Natural: The result of infection with a natural pathogen Ex. You become immune to a particular variant of the common cold virus Artificial: The result of inoculation with a vaccine Ex. Immunity developed following the vaccination of the chicken pox virus (most vaccines are either heat killed viruses or synthetic antigen replicates)

Specific Immunity Cont’d Active: Due to antibodies and memory cells produced by the body itself Passive: Due to antibodies received from another organism Ex. Rabies shot; mother to fetus through the placenta and mother to newborn via colostrum

AIDS: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Cause: Human Immunodeficiency Virus Transmission: bodily fluids –Oral, vaginal, anal sex –Intravenous drug use (shared hypodermic needles) –Crossing placental barrier from Mother to fetus –Breast feeding –Blood transfusions

H.I.V.

Immune Response to Infection Barriers to Infection: –Skin: tough, physical barrier; sebaceous glands secrete fatty and lactic acid that lower skin surface pH –Mucous membranes: nose, trachea, urethra, vagina….not a strong physical barrier….do –Possess LYSOZYME in their secretions –Flushing –Capture

Level 2: Antibodies Proteins that bind to specific antibody generating substances (ANTIGENS)

Production of Antibodies Clonal Selection Theory

Monoclonal Antibodies

Specific Immunity Categorized by the presence and increased production of B and T- Lymphocytes

Vaccination (+ and -) Be able to discuss 3 benefits and 3 dangers of vaccination