 The Modern World Terrorism and Globalization

Journal #51  How did Gorbachev’s actions help end the Cold War and contribute to the downfall of the USSR?

Terrorism Defined?  Task: Brainstorm acts of terrorism in history or in the world today.  Based on your examples, how would you define terrorism in your own words?  In your journals: Terrorism is…

Terrorism Defined  Using the reading and the handout of the definitions of terrorism, choose the definition you feel is best/most accurate.  Why did you choose this definition and how does it compare to your personal definition of terrorism?

Terrorism Defined?  No one accepted definition  US State Department: Let’s break it down  Premeditated  Politically motivated  Violence  Against noncombatant targets (civilians)  By non-state groups (not countries)  To influence an audience

Terrorism Defined?  Factors to consider:  Method/results: If there is no violence, is it terrorism?  Perpetrators: Only non-state groups, or are countries responsible for helping terrorists?  Targets: Only civilians, or government/military leaders as well?  Motive: Political, economic, religious?  What is the difference between a “terrorist” and “freedom fighter”?

September 11, 2001  19 hijackers  Mostly Saudi Arabian  Targets: The Twin Towers, Pentagon, and White House/Capitol (crashed in Pennsylvania)  Deaths of around 3000 people

Background  Al Qaeda terrorist organization claimed responsibility in 2004  Made up of loosely connected cells around the world  Led by Saudi Arabian Osama bin Laden (killed in Pakistan May 2011)  Anger at US:  US support of Israel, Arab dictators, military involvement in the Middle East

Islamism  Islam: Supposed to be a peaceful religion  Salaam means peace  Islamism: Belief that Islam is not only a religion but a political system; “political Islam”  Jihad:  Can mean a “struggle against one’s own moral failings” or the “struggle against enemies of Islam”

Searching for the Roots of 9/11  Terms to look out for:  Three “rivers of rage”  What are the three rivers of rage? Give an example/evidence for each.  What were two surprising things you learned from the documentary?

Journal #52  What is oral history?  Why is it important?  What can we learn about a moment in history by asking questions of people who lived through it?  Example: A firefighter at Ground Zero, an airline security official, a security advisor to President Bush, etc…

Sharing your 9/11 Interviews  Share your responses.  Look for common responses/themes. With the group, come up with three commonalities and write them on the board.  Answer the questions on the handout.

Response to 9/11  Global “War on Terror”  War in Afghanistan (2001)  Threats from al Qaeda in Pakistan  War in Iraq (2003)  Bush: “Axis of Evil” that threatened US security  Weapons of mass destruction (WMDs)  Toppled Saddam Hussein’s government; Hussein executed in 2006

After 9/11  Patriotism  Anti-Muslim prejudice and discrimination  Increased airport security and screenings  Less civil liberties?

A New World  Department of Homeland Security: Formed to protect against future attacks  Patriot Act: Designed to identify terrorists more easily  Searches of records  Wiretapping phones  Detain and deport immigrants suspected of terrorism Old color-coded system

Discussion  11 years ago, September 11 th was a highly emotional event. Is this still true today?  Do you think the fear in the wake of 9/11 shaped public policy at the time? If so, how? If not, why not?  Does this fear of terrorism still exist today?  What are the benefits and limitations of oral history?

Effects of 9/11 Political Cartoons  Pick two cartoons from the collection that have different messages about 9/11.  List:  1. Differences in message  2. Does the nationality of the cartoonist play any role?

Who Makes Our Stuff?  Choose two of the items on your list. Write the product, brand name, and country on a sticky note.  Put them on the world map.  After viewing the map:  Write at least one observation about the locations where these things are made.  Read about these countries in your packet and calculate worker’s wages for one of the countries you had listed.

Readings  Nike Reading: What is one fact that stands out to you? Why?  Two Women Reading: Reflect on this poem. What do you think the message of the poem is?

Globalization  Shrinking of the world!  Interconnected social and economic ties

Global Economy  Multinational companies buy and sell in countries all over the world  Because of:  Technology  Internet access  Free trade

Multinational Corporations  Based in one country, but with branches all over the world  Can you think of any examples?

McDonalds

Brainstorm  List what you think are the positive aspects of globalization.  Then, list the negatives.

Positives  Employment and increased standard of living  Trade  Cheaper goods for consumers  Promotes peace

Negatives  First World dominance  Increasing gap between rich and poor  Exploitation of workers

Globalization Terms Review  Skim through chapter 20, section 2 (pgs ) to fill in the blanks on your worksheet.