REVIEW SESSION Or The Whole of Psychology in under 90 minutes

Higher Level Cognition Availability Representativeness Base Rate Fallacy Gambler’s Fallacy Anchoring Confirmation Bias Loss Avoidance Status Quo Bias Weighting Bias

Emotions Evidence of universality Biological Components Theories James-Lange Two Factor Current Issues Separability of emotion and cognition Emotional Intelligence

Motivation Theorists -- why do we do what we do? Freud: “To meet an unconscious need” Hull: “To achieve homeostasis” Skinner: “To get a reward” Rotter: “Because she expected she would get across and it was important to her to get across” Maslow: “To achieve self actualization”

Motivation The effects of rewards Lepper study & similar Learned helplessness & attribution Depressive style -- internal, stable, global

Stress Types of stress: acute and chronic physical threat, psychological/social threat. Stress activates the sympathetic "fight or flight" response. Parasympathetic response counteracts that. Prolonged activation can cause damage: heart disease, reproduction, growth, digestion, immunity

Stress Eustress Methods of coping: control, humor, optimism, social support, relaxation. Individual differences in stress response: Type A vs. B and hardiness,

Personality Freud Contributions, criticisms & methods Concepts Psychic determinism Id, Superego, Ego Theory of psychosexual stages of development Methods of assessment Projective Paper& pencil Big Five factors

Personality Defense mechanisms Reaction Formation Rationalization Regression Projection Denial Repression

The Power of the Situation Errors and Biases Fundamental Attribution Error Just Word Bias Conformity Asch Obedience Milgram Social Roles Zimbardo

Social Reality & Positive Social Psych Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger & Carlsmith) Perceiving Social Reality (Hastorf &Cantril) Self-Fulfilling Prophesies (Rosenthal & Jacobson) Stereotyping & Prejudice Sherif “Robber’s Cave” Role of Errors & Biases

Social Reality & Positive Social Psych Methods of Persuasion Reciprocity, Consistency, Social Proof, Liking, Authority, Scarcity, Foot in the Door, Door in the Face, “ Even a penny will help ”, “ Because... ” Helping & Liking

Abnormal Three classic symptoms of mental disorder: hallucinations, delusions and affective disturbances Some symptoms of mental disorder in all of us, not cut & dry line betweenwhat is abnormal and what is not. Medical model vs. psychological model

Abnormal DSM-IV divides mental disorders into thematic categories diagnoses by using symptom profiles instead of hard and fast criteria requires distress or impairment in functioning to be considered disorder Important to remember that must cause problems with functioning to be considered a disorder.

Abnormal Know gist of following disorders: specific phobia OCD Depression schizophrenia

Abnormality in Social Context Definitions of abnormality Distress, Maladaptiveness, Irrationality, Unpredictability, Unconventionality, Observer Discomfort Effects of labels Social and political uses of labels

Abnormality in Social Context Cultural variations -- reasons Personality / cognitive style Definitions of mental illness Acceptability of mental (as opposed to physical) distress Usage of medical and psychological services Views of the origins and treatment of illness Bias of Clinicians? Problems with assessment tools?

Therapy Behavioral Therapy Flooding Systematic Desensitization Aversion Therapy Social Learning Therapy Operant Conditioning Therapy Cognitive Therapy Family Therapy

Therapy Psychoanalytic Therapy Freud Jung – archetypes and collective unconscious Projective Tests Humanistic Therapy Unconditional Positive Regard, Genuineness, Non-Directive Guidance

Therapy Biomedical Therapy Drugs Surgery Electroconvulsive Therapy

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