Introduction to Information Systems Chapter One

IS for Management2 Information Concepts Knowledge Information Data Raw facts A collection of facts organized in such a way that they have additional value beyond the value of facts themselves. The body of guidelines and procedures used to select, organize, and manipulate data to make it suitable for a specific task.

Chapter OneIS for Management3 Information Concepts Knowledge Base The collection of rules, procedures, and relationships that must be followed to achieve informational value or proper process outcome. Process A set of logically related tasks performed to achieve a defined outcome.

Chapter OneIS for Management4 Types of Data (Table 1.1) DataRepresented by AlphanumericNumbers, letters, & other characters ImageGraphic images or pictures AudioSound, noise, or tones VideoMoving images or pictures

Chapter OneIS for Management5 Characteristics of Valuable Information (Table 1.2) 4 Accurate 4 Complete 4 Economical 4 Flexible 4 Reliable 4 Relevant 4 Simply 4 Timely 4 Verifiable 4 Accessible 4 Secure

Chapter OneIS for Management6 The Value of Information ( Figure 1.2)

Chapter OneIS for Management7 Components of a system INPUTS Gathering and capturing raw data PROCESSING Converting or transforming data into useful outputs OUTPUTS Producing useful information, usually in the form of documents. Feedback Output that is used to make changes to input or processing activities

Chapter OneIS for Management8 System Classifications & Primary Characteristics SimpleComplex OpenClosed StableDynamic AdaptiveNon-adaptive PermanentTemporary

Chapter OneIS for Management9 System Performance Standards 4 Efficiency A measure of what is produced divided by what is consumed. 4 Effectiveness A measure of the extent to which a system achieves its goals. 4 Performance Standard A specific objective of the system. 4 Superior - Standard - Deficient Sales performance Market share Defective parts experience Scrap output rate

Chapter OneIS for Management10 System Variables & Parameters 4 System Variable A quantity or item that can be controlled by the decision maker. 4 System Parameter A value or quantity that cannot be controlled by the decision maker.

Chapter OneIS for Management11 Modeling a System 4 Model An abstraction or an approximation that is used to represent reality 4 Model Types Narrative:Words Physical:Tangible Schematic:Graphical Mathematical:Formula

Chapter OneIS for Management12 Information System (IS) A set of interrelated elements or components that collect (input), manipulate (process), and disseminate (output) data and information and provide a feedback mechanism to meet an objective.

Chapter OneIS for Management13 Computer-Based Information Systems (CBIS) 4 Computer-Based Information Systems Composed of hardware, software, databases, telecommunications, people, and procedures that are configured to collect, manipulate, store, and process data into information. 4 Technology Infrastructure The shared IS resources that form the foundation for the information systems. 4 Business Information Systems Transaction: Any business related exchange.

Chapter OneIS for Management14 Types of CBIS (1) 4 Transaction processing system An organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices used to record completed business transactions. 4 E-Commerce Any business transaction executed electronically between parties involving the exchange of goods and/or services for an equitable consideration. 4 Management Information System Organized set of people, procedures, databases, and devices used to provide routine information to managers and decision makers.

Chapter OneIS for Management15 Types of CBIS (2) 4 Decision Support Systems A set of people, procedures, databases, and devices used to support problem-specific decision making. 4 Artificial Intelligence (AI) A group of types of CBIS that involve computer systems taking on the characteristics of human intelligence Expert Systems (ES) A set of people, procedures, databases, and devices used to give the computer the ability to make suggestions and act like an expert in a particular field Robotics Natural Language Neural Networks, etc.

Chapter OneIS for Management16 Investigation Analysis Design Implementation Review Systems Development The activity of creating or modifying business systems.

Chapter OneIS for Management17 Project Management A method and set of techniques based on accepted principles of management used for planning, estimating, and controlling work activities to reach a desired end result –on time –within budget –according to specification.

Chapter OneIS for Management18 International IS International Arenas –Cultural specific consumer needs –Dynamic economies, statutes, business practices –Pace of change leads to a moving target market –Differences in technology available

Chapter OneIS for Management19 IS Strategy 4 Achieving effective regionalisation to meet market demographics requires an effective IS infrastructure 4 IT professionals are business model enablers 4 Know your mission statement

Chapter OneIS for Management20 Literacy 4 Computer Literacy A knowledge of computer systems and equipment and the ways they function. 4 Information Systems Literacy A knowledge of how data and information are used by individuals, groups, and organizations.

Chapter OneIS for Management21 Management’s IT challenge 4 Strategic IT –How can IT be used to design a competitive and effective organization? 4 Investing in IT –How do you determine value of IT for the organization? 4 IT architecture –How can the organization design IT that fits? 4 Global IT –How can IT help guide an organization globally? 4 Ethics of IT –How can we ensure an organization will use IT in a socially responsible manner?

Chapter OneIS for Management22 Chapter One Cases for Discussion 4 Sales force automation (page 37) Project issues 4 Liz Claiborne (page 38) Challenges in strategic use and investment in IT

Chapter OneIS for Management23 Next class 4 Assignment #1: Part 1 4 Tutorial: Internet searching