1 FRBR Presented by Dr. Barbara B. Tillett Chief, Policy & Standards Division Library of Congress for the American Library Association July 10, 2009

2 User tasks Find Identify Select Obtain Entity-relationship model Entities: Group 1, 2, 3 Relationships Attributes National level record elements (mandatory & optional data) Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR)

Bibliographic Universe  Books  Serials  Maps, globes, etc.  Manuscripts.  Musical scores  A-V sound recordings motion pictures photographs, slides  Multimedia  “Remote” digital materials  Etc. 3

4 What’s a conceptual model? Abstract depiction of the universe of things being described  The things in that universe (entities)  Identifying characteristics of those entities (attributes/elements)  The relationships among the entities

5 FRBR’s Entity-Relationship Model Entities Relationships Attributes (data elements) relationship One EntityAnother Entity

6 FRBR’s Entity-Relationship Model created ShakespeareHamlet was created by Person Work

7 FRBR Entities Group 1: Products of intellectual & artistic endeavor = bibliographic resources  Work  Expression  Manifestation  Item

Expression Manifestation Item Work Physical - recording of content Intellectual/ artistic content is realized through is embodied in is exemplified by 8

9 Vocabulary “Book” –Door prop (item) –“publication” at bookstore any copy (manifestation)

10 Vocabulary “Book” –Who translated? (expression) –Who wrote? (work)

Work Expression Manifestation Item is realized through is embodied in is exemplified by recursive one many Group 1 11

Elements to Describe Resources Work  ID  Title  Date  etc. Expression  ID  Form  Date  Language  etc. Manifestation  ID  Title  Statement of responsibility  Edition  Imprint (place, publisher, date)  Form/extent of carrier  Terms of availability  Mode of access  etc. Item  ID  Provenance  Location  etc. 12

Manifestations books Videocassettes DVDs CDs 13

Expressions Les Trois Mousquetaires text movie French 14

Work 15

Original Work - Same Expression Same Work – New Expression New Work Cataloging Rules Cut-Off Point Derivative EquivalentDescriptive Facsimile Reprint Exact Reproduction Copy Microform Reproduction Variations or Versions Translation Simultaneous “Publication” Edition Revision Slight Modification Expurgated Edition Illustrated Edition Abridged Edition Arrangement Summary Abstract Digest Change of Genre Adaptation Dramatization Novelization Screenplay Libretto Free Translation Same Style or Thematic Content Parody Imitation Review Criticism Annotated Edition Casebook Evaluation Commentary Family of Works 17

Relationships Inherent among the Group 1 entities Content relationships among works/expressions Work Expression Manifestation Item Whole-Part Accompanying Sequential Derivative 18

FRBR Entities Group 1: Bibliographic resources  Work  Expression  Manifestation  Item

19 FRBR Entities Group 2: Those responsible for the intellectual & artistic content = Parties  Person  Corporate body  Family

Work Expression Manifestation Item Group 2 many is owned by is produced by is realized by is created by Person Corporate Body Family 21

Relationship vs. Element WorkPerson Created by Creates HamletShakespeare

22 Subject Relationship WorkPerson Created by Creates Concept/Topic has subject is subject of

23 FRBR Entities Group 3: Subjects of works  Groups 1 & 2 plus  Concept  Object  Event  Place Subject relationship

Work Group 3 many has as subject Expression Manifestation Item Person Corporate Body Work Concept Object Event Place has as subject Family 25

Why do we need FRBR? Improve the user experience in locating information  Guide systems designs for the future  Guide rule makers Cut costs for the description and access to resources in our libraries Position information providers to better operate in the Internet environment and beyond

26 Applications of the Conceptual Model FRBR is conceptual model  No application is prescribed Opportunities for the future in new systems designs  Australia, Europe  Variations3, etc. Keep user foremost in mind

27  Collocation Better organization to catalog More options to display  Identifying elements  Pathways FRBR Benefits ☑ Simplify cataloging enabling links and re-use of identifying elements

FRBR Entity Levels Work: Expression: Manifestation: The Novel Orig. Text Transl. Critical Edition PaperPDFHTML The Movie Orig. Version DVD 29

FRBR Entity Levels Work: Expression: Manifestation: The Novel Orig. Text Transl. Critical Edition The Movie Orig. Version PaperPDFHTML Item: Copy 1 Autographed Copy 2 DVD 30

FRBR Entity Levels Work: Expression: Manifestation: The Novel Orig. Text Transl. Critical Edition The Movie Orig. Version PaperPDFHTML Item: Copy 1 Autographed Copy 2 Family of works DVD 31

Possible FRBR applications Scenario A - Now Authority Bibliographic Holding Item Work/ Expression Uniform Title Concept Manifestation Person Series (work/expression) Uniform Title 32

Scenario B - Future Work/ Expression Uniform Title Manifestation Authority Bibliographic Holding Concept Item Person Series (work/expression) Uniform Title 33

Objectives of Catalogs Cutter’s objectives for the catalog  Finding - description and access standards  Collocating - controlled “vocabularies” for precision of searching 34

“User Tasks” - FRBR Find (locate and collocate) Identify Select Obtain Relate/Navigate 35

Objectives of Catalogs Finding (locate)  A single specific resource Collocating (sets of resources)  All resources belonging to the same work  All resources belonging to the same expression  All resources belonging to the same manifestation  All the works and expressions of a person, corporate body, or family  All resources on a given subject  All resources sharing some specific characteristic Language, place of publication, date, etc. 36

Collocation Objectives of a catalog: display All the works associated with a person, etc. All the expressions of the same work All the manifestations of the same expression All items/copies of the same manifestation Hamlet Stockholm 2008 English Swedish French German Shakespeare Library of Congress Copy 1 Green leather binding Romeo and Juliet 37

Pathways to Related Works Hamlet Stockholm 2008 English Swedish French German Shakespeare Library of Congress Copy 1 Green leather binding Romeo and Juliet Stoppard Rosencrantz & Guildenstern Are Dead Text Movies … Derivative works Subject 38

Collocation by Works Shakespeare, William, All’s well that ends well + As you like it + Hamlet + Macbeth + Midsummer night’s dream + … 39

Collocation by Family of Works and Expressions Shakespeare, William, Hamlet. + Texts + Motion Pictures + Sound Recordings 40

Collocation by Expressions Shakespeare, William, Hamlet. + Texts – Danish + Texts – Dutch + Texts – English + Texts – French + Texts – Spanish + Motion Pictures – English + Sound Recordings - English 41

Collocation of Manifestations Shakespeare, William, Hamlet. - Motion pictures – English Director, Bill Collegan Director, Kevin Kline, Kirk Browning Director, Franco Zeffirelli Director, Maria Muat Director, Kenneth Branagh Director, Campbell Scott, Eric Simonson 42

FRBR Display - Serial  Atlantic monthly  Atlantic monthly (Boston, Mass. : 1993)  Atlantic (Boston, Mass. : 1981)  Atlantic monthly (Boston, Mass. : 1971)  Atlantic (Boston, Mass. : 1932)  Atlantic monthly (Boston, Mass. : 1857)

43 FRBR Display - Serial  Atlantic monthly  Atlantic monthly (Boston, Mass. : 1993)  Online  Paper  Microfilm  Atlantic (Boston, Mass. : 1981)  Atlantic monthly (Boston, Mass. : 1971)  Atlantic (Boston, Mass. : 1932)  Atlantic monthly (Boston, Mass. : 1857)

44 Circulation: Place holds at “Work” or “Expression” level rather than only at manifestation level (VTLS and OCLC demonstrate this) FRBR Benefits Hamlet English

45 British Museum 1841 (“full and accurate” book catalog) ACOSTA (CHRISTOVAL). Tractado de las drogas, y medicinas de las Indias Orientales, con sus plantas. Burgos, o Another copy. The same. Ital. Venetia, o Another copy. Tractado en loor de las mugeres. Venetia, o

47 British Museum 1841 (“full and accurate” book catalog) ACOSTA (CHRISTOVAL). Tractado de las drogas, y medicinas de las Indias Orientales, con sus plantas. Burgos, o Another copy. The same. Ital. Venetia, o Another copy. Tractado en loor de las mugeres. Venetia, o Person WorkExpressionManifestationItem

LC Control No.: LCCN Permalink: Type of Material:Book (Print, Microform, Electronic, etc.) Personal Name:Shakespeare, William, Shakespeare, William, Main Title:... Hamlet, traduit par André Gide. Published/Created:[Paris] Gallimard [1946] Description:2 p. l., 7-237, [2] p. 17 cm. CALL NUMBER:PR2779.H3 G5Copy 1PR2779.H3 G5 -- Request in:Jefferson or Adams Bldg General or Area Studies Reading Rms Shakespeare, William, Hamlet. French. 48

LC Control No.: LCCN Permalink: Type of Material:Book (Print, Microform, Electronic, etc.) Personal Name:Shakespeare, William, Shakespeare, William, Main Title:... Hamlet, traduit par André Gide. Published/Created:[Paris] Gallimard [1946] Description:2 p. l., 7-237, [2] p. 17 cm. CALL NUMBER:PR2779.H3 G5Copy 1PR2779.H3 G5 -- Request in:Jefferson or Adams Bldg General or Area Studies Reading Rms Shakespeare, William, Hamlet. French. Work Person 49

LC Control No.: LCCN Permalink: Type of Material:Book (Print, Microform, Electronic, etc.) Personal Name:Shakespeare, William, Shakespeare, William, Main Title:... Hamlet, traduit par André Gide. Published/Created:[Paris] Gallimard [1946] Description:2 p. l., 7-237, [2] p. 17 cm. CALL NUMBER:PR2779.H3 G5Copy 1PR2779.H3 G5 -- Request in:Jefferson or Adams Bldg General or Area Studies Reading Rms Shakespeare, William, Hamlet. French. Expression 50

LC Control No.: LCCN Permalink: Type of Material:Book (Print, Microform, Electronic, etc.) Personal Name:Shakespeare, William, Shakespeare, William, Main Title:... Hamlet, traduit par André Gide. Published/Created:[Paris] Gallimard [1946] Description:2 p. l., 7-237, [2] p. 17 cm. CALL NUMBER:PR2779.H3 G5Copy 1PR2779.H3 G5 -- Request in:Jefferson or Adams Bldg General or Area Studies Reading Rms Shakespeare, William, Hamlet. French. Manifestation 51

LC Control No.: LCCN Permalink: Type of Material:Book (Print, Microform, Electronic, etc.) Personal Name:Shakespeare, William, Shakespeare, William, Main Title:... Hamlet, traduit par André Gide. Published/Created:[Paris] Gallimard [1946] Description:2 p. l., 7-237, [2] p. 17 cm. CALL NUMBER:PR2779.H3 G5Copy 1PR2779.H3 G5 -- Request in:Jefferson or Adams Bldg General or Area Studies Reading Rms Shakespeare, William, Hamlet. French. Item 52

53 Internet Catalogs are no longer in isolation  Global access to data Integrate bibliographic data with wider Internet environment  Share data beyond institutions

Internet “Cloud” Databases, Repositories Web front end Services 54

Database/format Scenarios Bib record (flat-file) Lee, T. B. Cataloguing has a future Spoken wordAudio disc 1. Metadata Donated by the author Based on Gordon Dunsire’s slide 55

Database/format Scenarios Bib record (flat-file) Author: Title: Content type: Carrier type: Provenance: Subject: Lee, T. B. Cataloguing has a future Spoken word Audio disc Metadata Donated by the author Name authority record Name: Subject authority record Identifier: … Label: Identifier: … Bib record (description) Item information Manifestation information Expression information Work information FRBR record RDA content type registry Label: Identifier: … Spoken word RDA element registry RDA carrier type registry Future record ONIX FRBR registry Based on Gordon Dunsire’s slide Work title: Cataloguing has a future 56

Author: Title: Content type: Carrier type: Provenance: Subject: Lee, T. B. Cataloguing has a future Audio disc Metadata Donated by the author Person information Name: Concept information Identifier: … Label: Identifier: … Item information Manifestation information Expression information Work information RDA content type registry Label: Identifier: … Spoken word RDA carrier type registry Linked Data Work Title: Cataloguing has a future Cataloguing has a future 57

Author: Title: Content type: Carrier type: Provenance: Subject: Lee, T. B. Cataloguing has a future Audio disc Metadata Donated by the author Person information Name: Concept information Identifier: … Label: Identifier: … Item information Manifestation information Expression information Work information RDA content type registry Label: Identifier: … Spoken word RDA carrier type registry Package for Data Sharing Future record Lee, T. B. Metadata Spoken word Audio disc Work Title: Cataloguing has a future Cataloguing has a future Communication format record 58

Author: Title: Content type: Carrier type: Cataloguing has a future Package for Displays Future display Lee, T. B. Spoken word Audio disc ( ) 59

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VIAF – Personal Names 61

VIAF – Personal Names 62

VIAF – Personal Names 63

64 Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR) Entity-relationship model Entities: Group 1, 2, 3 Relationships Attributes (Elements) User tasks Find Identify Select Obtain National level record elements (mandatory & optional data)

FRBR–Based Systems Work Manifestation Person Expression Manifestation Item Concept Corporate body Person 65