1. FRBR and VIAF : Examples of Current International Initiatives in Cataloging A presentation by Dr. Barbara B. Tillett for the MAVIS Users Conference 2003 Nov. 6, 2003

2. Today’s Topics The FRBR Model (Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records) A Virtual International Authority File (VIAF)

3. The FRBR Model (Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records) MAVIS Users Conference 2003 Nov. 6, 2003

4. FRBR Publisher: K.G. Saur Also available on the Web: http://www.ifla.org/VII/s13/frbr/frbr.htm http://www.ifla.org/VII/s13/frbr/frbr.pdf

5. FRBR IFLA Cataloguing Section’s Review Group on FRBR Web Page: http://www.ifla.org/VII/s13/wgfrbr/wgfrbr.htm

6. Bibliographic Universe What Are We Cataloging? Library collections –Books –Serials –Maps, globes, etc –Manuscripts. –Musical scores –A-V sound recordings motion pictures photographs, slides –Multimedia –“Remote” digital materials

7. Entity-Relationship Model Entities Relationships FRBR relationship Entity 1Entity 2 Attributes User Tasks and National Level Bibliographic Record

8. FRBR Entities Group 1 : Products of intellectual & artistic endeavor –Work –Expression –Manifestation –Item

10. Vocabulary “Book” –Door prop (item) –“publication” at bookstore any copy (manifestation) Thanks to Patrick Le Bœuf

11. Vocabulary “Book” –Who translated? (expression) –Who wrote? (work)

12. FRBR Entity Levels Work: Expression: Manifestation: The Novel Orig. Text Transl. Critical Edition PaperPDFHTML The Movie Orig. Version

13. FRBR Entity Levels Work: Expression: Manifestation: The Novel Orig. Text Transl. Critical Edition The Movie Orig. Version PaperPDFHTML Item: Copy 1 Autographed Copy 2

14. FRBR Entity Levels Work: Expression: Manifestation: The Novel Orig. Text Transl. Critical Edition The Movie Orig. Version PaperPDFHTML Item: Copy 1 Autographed Copy 2 Family of works

15. Possible FRBR applications Scenario A - Now Authority Bibliographic Holding Item Work/ Expression Uniform Title Concept Manifestation Person Series (work/expression) Uniform Title

16. Work

17. Expression

18. Manifestation

19. Item

20. Scenario B Work/ Expression Uniform Title Manifestation Authority Bibliographic Holding Concept Item Person Series (work/expression) Uniform Title

21. Scenario C Work Uniform Title Expression Manifestation Item Authority Bibliographic Holding ConceptPerson Manifestation Item Person

22. Modes of Expression Alpha-numeric Music notation Other notation (e.g., choreographic) Sound Still image Moving image Three-dimensional object Combinations of above FRBR

23. Joint Steering Committee for Revision of AACR2 (JSC) Task Force on Format Variation –Work-level citations –Expression-level citations Update AACR terminology to use FRBR terms: –Work, Expression, Manifestation, Item

24. FRBR Entities Group 2 : Those responsible for the intellectual & artistic content –Person –Corporate body

25. FRBR Entities Group 3 : Subjects of works –Groups 1 & 2 plus –Concept –Object –Event –Place

26. Group 1 - Relationships Inherent to the Entities Work “is realized by” an expression –Expression “is embodied in” a manifestation Manifestation “is exemplified by” an item –Item FRBR

27. Relationships - Work/Expression w 1 Charles Dickens’ A Christmas carol e 1 the author’s original English text e 2 a Tamil translation by V.A. Venkatachari FRBR, p. 59 “is realized by” FRBR

28. Relationships - Work/Expression/Manifestation w 1 J.S. Bach’s Goldberg variations e 1 performance by Glenn Gould in 1981 m 1 recording released on 33 1/3 rpm sound disc in 1982 by CBS Records m 2 recording re-released on compact disc in 1993 by Sony m 3 digitization of the Sony re-release as MP3 in 2000 Based on FRBR, p. 59 “is embodied in” FRBR

29. Relationships - Work/Expression/Manifestation/Item w 1 Lost treasures of the world e 1 the interactive electronic resource m 1 the CD published in 1994 by Follgard CD- Visions i 1 first copy held by Calgary Public Library i 2 second copy held by Calgary Public Library FRBR, p. 60 “is exemplified by” FRBR

30. Relationships Inherent among the entities Content relationships among works Work Expression Manifestation Item Whole-Part Accompanying

31. Same Expression New Expression Family of Works New Work B. Tillett Dec. 2001

32. Group 1 Entities’ Attributes Work –ID –Title –Date –etc. Expression –ID –Title –Form –Date –Language –etc. Manifestation –ID –Title –Statement of responsibility –Edition –Imprint (place, publisher, date) –Form/extent of carrier –Terms of availability –Mode of access –etc. Item –ID –Provenance –Location –etc. FRBR

33. Relationship vs. Attribute WorkPerson Created by Creates

34. DRAFT FRANAR extension to FRBR Real World Entities: e.g., Individual Group Event Content Object Concept Place Time FRBR Entities: Person Family Corp.Body Work Expression Manifestation Item Name Identifier Access Point Heading Target Tracing Rules Authority record Reference record Explanatory heading Explanatory record Agency May 2002

35. Objectives of Catalogs Cutter’s objectives for the catalog –Finding - description and access standards –Collocating - controlled “vocabularies” for precision of searching

36. “User Tasks” - FRBR Find (locate and collocate) Identify Select Obtain Relate Other possible tasks: –Attribute Royalties to –Preserve

37. Collocation by Works Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. +All’s well that ends well +As you like it +Hamlet +Macbeth +Midsummer night’s dream

38. Collocation by Family of Works and Expressions Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Hamlet. +Texts +Motion Pictures +Sound Recordings

39. Collocation by Expressions Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Hamlet. +Motion Pictures – Danish +Motion Pictures – Dutch +Motion Pictures – English +Motion Pictures – French +Motion Pictures – Spanish

40. FRBR Applications Related models: – –ABC model in Project Harmony (US, UK, Australia) –Indiana Univ.: Variations2 digital music Applications: –Denmark: VisualCat –Australia: AustLit –VTLS: Virtua’s “FRBR-ized” catalog –OCLC’s Fiction Finder; future WorldCat –RLG’s Web union catalog plans: RedLightGreen

41. http://www.redlightgreen.com

42. Where is FRBR most useful? Classics of literature vs. scientific studies Examples in the OCLC database –Stephen King 102 works, 231 manifestations –Shakespeare’s Hamlet 1 work, 2696 manifestations –Rowling, J.K. (Harry Potter stories) 28 works, 300 manifestations

43. FRBR futures Terminology Concepts –Entities –Relationships –Attributes Goals of bibliographic control –Finding –Collocating

44. Thank you! Slides 9 and modified versions of 30 and 31 were published in Barbara B. Tillett, “Bibliographic Relationships.” In Relationships in the Organization of Knowledge, edited by Carol A. Bean and Rebecca Green, 19-35. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2001. © 2001 All Rights Reserved. If these images are reused, please include this citation.

45. A Virtual International Authority File MAVIS Users Conference Nov. 6, 2003

46. Objectives Facilitate sharing to reduce cataloguing costs to libraries, museums, archives, rights management agencies, etc. Simplify creation and maintenance of authority records internationally Enable users to access information in the language, script, form they prefer

47. Authority control virtues “Precision” in searching Syndetic structure of references to help navigate (the variant forms of name/title/subject/etc.) Displays to collocate works Links to forms used in particular resources Bring library catalogues into the mix of tools available on the Web

48. Virtual International Authority File (VIAF)

49. IFLA UBC authority principles Each country responsible for authority headings for its own personal and corporate authors National authority records available for everyone to use Same form and structure used worldwide

50. New view of UBC User perspective - to display script/language(s) of one’s own country Bibliographic agencies still responsible for control in their own countries (or region/cataloguing rules/etc.) Link forms established in “national” or “regional” authority files to create a virtual international authority file

51. Same Entity/Variant Scripts Japanese japanisch

52. Switching for displays sLibrary default sUser-selected preferences –Client set-up, “cookies,” or future method Language Script Culture (country)/spelling –Labor vs. Labour

53. Scenario - Web Search of VIAF Original cataloguing with no match found in local authority file Launches Web search of virtual international authority file –Assumes response times/system reliability will improve in future

54. Scenario Create bibliographic record 100 1 ‡a Tchaikovsky, Peter I 245 ‡a Piano concerto Not found in local authority file. Checking VIAF.

55. RUSMARC-record Маркер: 00445nx 22001453 450 001: 10326 005: 20001108144619.0 100: $a20001108arusy0103 ca 200: 1$8rus$7ca$aЧайковский$bП. И.$f1840- 1893$gПетр Ильич$4070 200: 1$8rus$7ba$aChajkovskij$bP. I.$f1840-1893$gPetr Il'ich$4070 300: 0 $aРусский композитор, ученик А.Г. Рубинштейна. 700: 1$310327$8rus$7ba$4070 810: $aВсемирный биографический энциклопедический словарь. - М., 1998. 801: 0$arus$brnb$c20001108 810: $aГАК РНБ. Your search of the Virtual International Authority File found the following match:

56. Scenario Link authorities 100 1 ‡a Tchaikovsky, Peter I Create and Link? Yes No

57. 700 1 ‡a Чайковский‡b П. И.‡d 1840-1893‡q Петр Ильич ‡0 (  )10326 ‡2  ‡l rus Automatically creates local authority record 010 ‡a n 79072979 040 ‡a DLC ‡b eng 100 1 ‡a Tchaikovsky, Peter Ilich, ‡d 1840-1893 400 1 ‡a Chajkovskii, Petr Il’ich, ‡d 1840-1893 Cataloguer adds AACR2 form with link

58. Virtual International Authority File (VIAF) Tchaikovsky Чайковский (  ) 10326 (LC)n79072979

59. Scenario Corrects bibliographic record 100 1 ‡a Tchaikovsky, Peter Ilich, ‡ d 1840-1893 245 ‡a Piano concerto

60. Local system - User view User’s cookie specifies Cyrillic/Russian preferred. Display 700 form, building on local system’s authority structure Чайковский, Петр Ильич, 1840-1893

61.  HKCAN

62. Centralized Virtual - Union Authority File (OAI Model)

63. VIAF Proof of Concept DDB/LC/OCLC OAI Server(s) LCNAF DDB/PND

64. Matching retrospective files One time project Matching algorithms, such as those developed by Ed O’Neill and others at OCLC Links –Text strings –Control numbers

65. Semantic Web Building Blocks End-user A&I controlled vocabularies (Library) authority files Other controlled vocabularies “Ontologies”

66. Semantic Web Building Blocks End-user “Ontologies” Web search engines Digital world

67. Virtual International Authority File (VIAF)