Adult Learning

Adult Learners Adult Learning What are student reasons for being in school? Fulfill a dream Get a job or promotion Complete a resolution Change careers ???????

Adult Learners Adult Learning Adults develop their learning processes in a number of ways: Lasts the entire life span of each individual Allows an individual to acquire, renew, upgrade, or complete knowledge, skills, and attitudes for functioning effectively in a constantly changing society Allows adults to pursue learning throughout their lives, and is a way in which people supplement (and, at times, find a substitute for) learning received in formal settings Equips individuals with skills and competencies for completing their "self- education" beyond learning in a formal setting Acknowledges the contribution of all available educational influences, including formal and informal.

Educational Models of Adult Learning There is a distinct connection between the historical development of educational models, including the evolution from the pedagogical model to the andragogical model. Pedagogy means literally "the art of teaching children." It developed between the 7th and 12th centuries in the monastic schools of Europe. Secular schools in the 19th century followed the pedagogical model, which was the only one available. The basic assumption of the pedagogical model is that the teacher is fully responsible for imparting knowledge, primarily through lecture, while the student's role is that of a passive receiver of knowledge.

Adult Learners Educational Models of Adult Learning Recent educational theorists (mostly Malcolm Knowles) have developed an andragogical model based on the following assumptions: a) Adults need to know why they are learning; b) Adults need to be seen as competent; c) Adults want their knowledge and skills acknowledged in the classroom; d) Adults need to be self-directed and experientially involved in their learning; and e) Adults want learning to be life-centered and applicable We should base our model based on andragogical assumptions. Facilitation methods allow students to be active and self-directed in their learning.

Adult Learners Adult Learner Demographics The majority of adult learners work, most full-time Adult students are extremely well educated; 85% have some college education 80% of adult students are between the ages of 25 – 44 More women than men study as adults Most adults seek degree programs About 70% of the courses taken by adults are in their career fields About 40% receive some level of tuition assistance from employers

Adult Learners Adult Learner Demographics The majority of adults do not learn for the sheer pleasure of learning Adults learn in order to cope with change in their lives Every adult who learns because of a transition can point to a specific event that triggered the transition, and thus, learning Trigger events occur unevenly in several arenas of adult life

Adult Learners How Do Adults Learn? Adults seek greater involvement in decisions involving their education The maturity level of adults indicates that they can accomplish more learning in less time Adults place great value in education that offers convenience Adults prefer goal directed learning orientations Adults are looking for the acquisition of useful and relevant knowledge

Adult Learners Teaching/Learning Factors Lecture10% retention rate Reading20% Audiovisual30% Discussion50% Practice by Doing80% Immediate use of Learning90%

Adult Learners Adult-Centered Learning Should focus on need-to-know learning Is self-directed learning Takes into account the learner’s experience Involves a readiness to learn Includes an orientation to learning Is fostered by adult motivation to learn

Adult Learners Teaching vs. Learning Is Teaching the purpose of education or is learning the purpose of education? What is the difference?

Adult Learners Teaching vs. Learning Teaching CultureLearning Culture Delivers instructionProduces Learning Offers Courses & ProgramsCreates learning environments Improves quality of instructionImproves quality of learning Transfers knowledge from faculty Elicits student discovery to studentsand construction of knowledge

Adult Learners Teaching vs. Learning Teaching CultureLearning Culture AtomisticHolistic 50 minute lectureLearning modalities Covering materialSpecified outcomes Time held as a constantLearning held as a constant learning variesTime varies Degree = accumulated credit hoursDegree = demonstrated knowledge & skills

Adult Learners Teaching vs. Learning Teaching CultureLearning Culture Knowledge is externalKnowledge is internal Knowledge delivered by instructorsKnowledge is constructed and created Learning is cumulative & linearLearning is nested & interactive Teacher centeredLearner centered Talent & ability are rareTalent and ability are abundant

Adult Learners Group Interaction Key advantages of the group interaction include the following: 1.Students gain knowledge and experience from each other 2. A real-world working environment is simulated 3. Individual strengths and weaknesses are blended 4. A sharing of teaching and learning responsibilities is facilitated 5. Self-confidence and self-esteem are increased 6. Leadership and participatory skills are developed 7. Interpersonal communication skills are strengthened 8. Achievement of a higher level of quality and performance in project assignments is possible; and 9. Decision-making skills are developed.

Adult Learners Group Interaction Contract Good teams possess: Excellent process skills Team dynamics Follow-through on commitments Open and honest communication among members Use of active listening skills Constructive resolution of conflicts and disagreements.

Adult Learners Discussion Questions 1.What is the value of diversity in group interaction? 2.How will the group interaction experience be applicable in the workplace? 3- What support services do our students need to impact their learning in a positive way?