Asian perspectives on Climate Change and Food and Energy Security by H.E. Ambassador Ngurah Swajaya At the 5th Asia Economic Forum Phnom Penh, 7 April 2009

Trend of the Earth’s Temperature Increase (without efforts to reduce emission) Tempereture Change (°C) – ppm 300 ppm CO2 Concentration Annual Temperature Change Pattern of Temperature Increase

Projected Changes in Temperature

Ice Melting on Greenland

Emissions and Vulnerability to Climate Change

DISASTER AND ECONOMIC COST : 24 Islands Submerged (DKP) : 10 biggest disaster in Indonesia, estimated total economic lost : US$ 26 billion, 70% climate change related disaster (International Disaster Database) Economic lost due to flood in Jakarta 2007: US$8 billion (Detik Finance, 2007) Severe drought impacts agriculture output

Facts on Impacts of Climate Change More than 1 degree temperature increase over the past 10 years in 16 Indonesia’s cities; Rain season shorten to 5 months; Fresh water availability compared to total demand : rain season 80%, dry season 20%; No action : an estimated of 130 million of population in Asia will face food and water shortage by 2050; Drop of agricultural products and outputs by 90% at the end of the century;

Big Flood in Jakarta - February 2007

socio-economic impacts to agriculture sectors (developing countries) decline in yields and production; reduced marginal GDP from agriculture; fluctuation in world market prices of agriculture products; increased number of people at risk of hunger and food insecurity; migration and civil unrest;

GLOBAL EFFORTS TO ADDRESS CLIMATE CHANGE UNFCC (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change); Kyoto Protocol Bali Roadmap, which consists of a number of forward-looking decisions that represent the various tracks that are essential to reaching a secure climate future; APEC Leaders' Declaration on Climate Change, Energy Security and Clean Development (2007); East Asia Summit Declaration; ASEAN Declaration.

Regional Declarations on Climate Change Cebu Declaration on East Asian Energy Security Cebu, Philippines, 15 January 2007: Improve the efficiency, reduce dependence on conventional fuels through intensified energy efficiency and conservation programmes, hydropower, expansion of renewable energy systems and bio-fuel production/utilisation; Pursue and encourage investment on energy resource and infrastructure development through greater private sector involvement Singapore Declaration on Climate Change, Energy and the Environment, 21 November 2007; – Mobilising financial support and cooperating to build capacity for the developing countries in the EAS region, the deployment of clean technology in the region through various means, such as investment, technical and financial assistance, and technology transfer ; – Exchanging of scientific and technical expertise in partnership with international experts, ASEAN Plus Three Cooperation Work Plan (2007 – 2017, Includes collective action to address Climate Change

initiatives adopted by regional and international conferences Hearth of Borneo (220,000 km2 of equatorial rain forest); Coral Reef Initiatives (CRI); World Ocean Conference in Manado, Indonesia; Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation in Developing Countries (UN-REDD Programme); Clean Development Mechanisms; Etc.

CONCLUSSION Detrimental impacts of climate change is real and require concerted and immediate actions by all; International, regional and national frameworks and agreements requires translation into concrete actions; Innovative approach of awareness raising is required particularly to farmers and people in the rural areas; Business participations to promote investment and government's incentives are also required; Collective pressures to World's Leaders to ensure success of the Copenhagen Conference that would immediately translate commitments into concrete actions.

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