UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations STOCKTAKING REPORT ON IMPLEMENTATION OF UN SECURITY COUNCIL RESOLUTION 1983 IN CONFLICT AND POST-CONFLICT SITUATIONS IN WEST AND CENTRAL AFRICA Côte d’Ivoire, Liberia, the Democratic Republic of the Congo 6 May 2013

UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations Introduction

UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations Focus of report 3 conflict and post-conflict situations: Côte d’Ivoire, DRC, Liberia Starting point = work of 3 UN Field Missions (UNOCI, MONUSCO, UNMIL) in collaboration with Joint UN Teams on AIDS and national actors Challenges/lessons learned, good practices and recommendations are of broader relevance and apply to other regions and other actors

UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations From resolution 1308 (2000) to 1983 (2011) 2000: Security Council resolution : Security Council resolution Political Declaration on HIV/AIDS (ten targets and elimination commitments) Resolution 1983 applies to conflict and post-conflict situations across the globe (with or without a UN Field Mission) Resolution 1983 applies to all parts of the UN system (UN Field Missions and UN Country Team), international financial institutions, Member States, armed groups, civil society as well as regional organisations

UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations What does Security Council resolution 1983 mandate? Paras 1, 2, 3: Continue work with UN peacekeeping personnel and national uniformed services + broaden to look at HIV in conflict and post-conflict settings Para. 4: Incorporate HIV into mandated activities + community outreach Para. 5: UN Mission leadership support crucial Para. 6: HIV to be addressed before, during and after conflict, including conflict-related sexual violence Para 7: HIV in mandated tasks of peacekeeping missions, including assistance to national institutions, SSR, DDR, and hand-over after peacekeeping ends

UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations Initial steps taken by UNAIDS and DPKO May 2012 consultation leads to UNAIDS-DPKO commitment to use paragraphs 6 and 7 of resolution 1983 as entry points for their work and scale-up efforts to integrate HIV/AIDS issues into SSR, DDR and SGBV 2012: Case studies distilling lessons learned from six peacekeeping operations on implementing resolution 1983 in SSR, DDR, SGBV June 2012: UNAIDS M&E training for HIV/AIDS Advisers from DPKO-led Missions

Progress made in implementing resolution 1983 (2011)

UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations Côte d’Ivoire HIV prevalence: 3.7 % adult population and 4.6% women Key populations: IDPs, women and girls, uniformed personnel, ex-combatants, prison inmates, men who have sex with men and youth SSR: Training of armed forces, police, gendarmerie and wildlife guards to increase their awareness of how to prevent sexual transmission of HIV and respond effectively to survivors of sexual violence

UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations Côte d’Ivoire DDR: Awareness-raising on HIV/AIDS and SGBV + VCT services to ex-combatants as well as women and children associated with armed groups SGBV: Training of women’s organizations on how to refer victims of sexual violence for care services including post-exposure prophylaxis QIPS: Rehabilitating and equipping 10 HIV care and treatment centres

UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations Liberia HIV prevalence: 1.5 % adult population, higher for women and urban areas Key populations: young women and girls, sex workers and their clients, men who have sex with men, injecting drug users, prisoners, uniformed personnel, mobile populations (truck drivers), as well as refugees, returnees and IDPs SSR: Train-the-trainer event on HIV/AIDS for a core group of 20 trainers drawn from each of the four security services: the armed forces as well as the police, prison and immigration services -Content included messaging on the links between SGBV and HIV + info on HIV among refugees and internally displaced persons -Designed as train-the-trainer event to develop capacities of national institutions and due to UNMIL draw-down

UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations Democratic Republic of the Congo HIV prevalence: 1.3% adult population and higher amongst certain groups: survivors of rape (20%), female inmates (7.1%), IDPs (7.6%) SSR: to professionalize the security services in the DRC by: - building training capacity on HIV/AIDS and SGBV among the national military (FARDC) and national police (PNC) through train-the trainer events - developing training standards for the FARDC (a training module on sexual violence with messaging on HIV/AIDS) SGBV: helping prevent HIV transmission by training service providers in conflict hotspots on how to use PEP kits with survivors of sexual violence

Challenges and lessons learned

UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations Resources Inadequate resources present a significant hurdle to scaling-up and expanding efforts to implement resolution 1983, and to providing adequate follow-up support Adequate resources for monitoring and evaluation, coupled with capacity development in this area, are needed to improve evidence-informed decision-making on resolution 1983

UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations Programming Clarify to whom resolution 1983 applies Expand coverage of HIV/AIDS awareness-raising and training beyond the national military and police services to other uniformed services and to other key populations at higher risk The effectiveness, including value-for-money, of peer education programmes for the host population and for UN military peacekeeping personnel not yet clearly established UN senior leadership support remains critical to the success of the Joint UN Team on AIDS

Good practices

UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations Good practices Partnerships are used to maximise scarce resources Partnerships are used to provide an integrated package of support Joint initiatives and joint programmes are used to reduce duplication of effort and enable a more comprehensive package of support to be provided Policies, strategies and programmes for HIV prevention and care are aligned with those for SGBV, to address the link between conflict-related sexual violence and HIV transmission

UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations Good practices National civilian, military and police leadership play a key role in changing attitudes on HIV/AIDS amongst national security services and civil society UN military and police leadership also play a key role in changing attitudes on HIV/AIDS amongst uniformed peacekeeping personnel. Existing programmes are used as entry points to implement resolution 1983

UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations Good practices Programmes to implement resolution 1983 are aligned, not only with the organizational mandate, but also with national strategies and approaches Resolution 1983 is implemented in a way that develops national capacity Projects aimed at winning the population’s hearts and minds are used to develop national capacity to respond to HIV/AIDS

Emerging issues

UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations Threats to peace and security in the region HIV/AIDS and conflict-related SGBV HIV/AIDS concerns in humanitarian emergencies HIV/AIDS concerns relating to law enforcement including tackling cross-border crime such as human trafficking and drug trafficking

Recommendations to the UN and its Member States

UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations Resources 1. Additional resources are needed to scale-up and expand initial efforts to implement resolution 1983 (e.g. mainstreaming costs for implementing resolution 1983 into on-going or core programming, to entering into partnerships to maximise resources, and finding sustainable ways to increase national financing for the response to HIV) 2. Adequate resources for monitoring and evaluation, coupled with on-going capacity development in this area, must be provided to improve evidence-informed decision-making on resolution 1983

UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations Guidance 3. Guidance is needed to clarify that resolution 1983 also applies to: -members of the UN Country Team and national actors where there is a UN peacekeeping operation; and -to conflict- and post-conflict situations without a UN peacekeeping operation 4. Good practices distilled from the West and Central Africa experiences of implementation resolution 1983 should be disseminated more broadly

UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations Programming 5. HIV prevention and response programmes need to be expanded beyond national military and police services to other uniformed services as well as to other key populations at higher risk of HIV 6. Efforts to provide an integrated package of services when implementing resolution 1983 need to be scaled-up

UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations Programming (research) 7. More research is needed on: -the linkages between HIV/AIDS and conflict-related SGBV -HIV/AIDS concerns in humanitarian emergencies -HIV/AIDS concerns relating to law enforcement including tackling cross-border crime such as human trafficking and drug trafficking 8. Research is needed into the effectiveness of peer education programmes for UN peacekeeping personnel as well as those for host communities