1. Protection of Women in Conflict Security Council Resolution 1820: Key to Implementation of Resolution 1325 UNDP/Norwegian Embassy Conference Sofia Conference, March 9 th 2009 Presentation by Osnat Lubrani Director, UNIFEM Brussels Office

2. SCR 1325 (2000) recognizes gender- differential experience of conflict: 1.As victims, women and girls have needs for treatment, rehabilitation, support for the families they head, access to livelihoods and property, justice and redress, etc. 2.As agents women need to be part of DDR processes, participate in governance of their communities and country, in establishing the rule of law and in holding public authorities to account.

3. Key Elements of UNSCR 1325 Increased participation & representation of women at all levels of decision making; Attention to specific protection needs of women and girls in conflict; Gender perspective in post-conflict processes; Gender perspective in UN programming, reporting and in SC Missions; Gender perspective & training in UN Peace Support Operations.

4. Who is Responsible for Implementation of SCR 1325? Security Council Secretary General and the UN system Member States – National Militaries Armed Groups, Rebel Groups etc Mediators & Negotiators in Peace Processes Those involved in peace mission planning

5. SC Res 1612 (Children in Armed Conflict) & 1325 (Women, Peace and Security) Accountability Mechanisms 16121325 Monitoring & reporting System-wide Action Plan (AP), including agreed monitoring and reporting mechanism System-wide AP, but lacks indicators for effective monitoring. Focus: UN agency implementation plans “Answerability” mechanism: exposing perpetrators SG report to SC - includes lists of conflict parties in violation to the Resolution None Regular procedures for review SC WG (bi-monthly): review of compliance reports and progress in implementing APs No formal mechanism Source: UNIFEM, Progress of the World’s Women, 2008

6. SC Res 1612 ( Children in Armed Conflict) & 1325 (Women, Peace and Security) – cont’d Accountability Mechanisms 16121325 Member state accountability Conflict parties to prepare concrete time-bound APs to halt recruitment of children NAPs adopted in 13 countries – no requirement of conflict parties, no review by SC Working Group/any other UN entity Focal points/ Leadership within the UN Special Representative of the SG for Children and Armed Conflict Office of the SG’s Special Advisor on Gender Issues: coordinating role but without adequate resources ComplianceUN country team or country level task force to monitor 1612 and press violators to comply. Support from UNICEF None. UN entities provide support (women’s peace coalitions, access to peace talks, services for survivors), but not coordinated.

7. Protection Historical backdrop: “It is now more dangerous to be a woman than an armed soldier in an armed conflict”(Maj. Gen. Patrick Cammeart)” 20,000 – 50,000 women raped during war in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the early 1990s; 250,000 - 500,000 women raped during the 1994 genocide in Rwanda; 50,000 - 64.000 internally displaced women in Sierra Leone sexually attacked by combatants; An average of 40 women raped everyday in South Kivu, DRC

8. SC Res 1820 on Women, Peace and Security (2008) Key elements: 1.Explicitly links sexual violence as a tactic of war with the maintenance of international peace and security. 2.To recognize sexual violence as a security issue is to justify a security response. 3.Demands parties to armed conflict to adopt concrete protection/prevention measures to end sexual violence, including training troops, enforcing military discipline, upholding command responsibility, vetting past perpetrators 4.Asserts the importance of women’s participation in all processes related to ending sexual violence in conflict, including peace talks

9. What Next?  Countries committing troops and police to peacekeeping missions  Train troops sent on prohibition of sexual violence, UN’s “zero tolerance” policy,  Forces to include women  Forces to consult with women, foster their role in peace and security, treat them with respect  Justice institutions:  No amnesty provisions for crimes against women.  Prosecute alleged offenders or extradite them for trial  UN System  Support coordinating, streamlining and up-scaling system-wide efforts, incl. monitoring the work of the SC.  Peacekeeping missions with strong, specific mandates.

10. Overcoming the Implementation Challenge  Alignment of development policies with SCR 1325 and SCR 1820  Allocation of resources to meet the implementation gap  Accountability mechanisms to track progress and hold countries, security actors, donors, accountable (targets, benchmarks, indicators)

11. What the UN is doing UN Action to End Sexual Violence in Conflict: www.stoprape.now UN Trust Fund to End Violence Against Women: www.unifem.org Secretary General’s Campaign: UNite to End Violence against Women http://endviolence.un.org/ UNIFEM Campaign: Say No to Violence against Women www.unifem.org