Bellwork: 1.From the following question. Write down ONLY what the question is asking. 3. Glue/tape/staple your Biomolecule Foldable to Page 14. HAPPY FRIDAY In 1665 Robert Hooke, an English scientist, published his book Micrographia, in which he described that pieces of cork viewed under the microscope presented small cavities similar to pores which were filled with air. Based on later knowledge, scientist were able to configure what the walls of those cavities constituted. What is the historical importance of that observation due to the prominence of cellular studies in major universities and colleges today?

Test Scores Period 2 Period 6 Period 4 Class Average Overall Class Average Garza Hilberg N/A Period 1 Period 5

Intro to Chemistry

Standard 9A – Compare the structures and functions of different types of biomolecules. Essential Question What are the basic units of chemistry and how are they used in the structure of organic macromolecules

Just as buildings are made from bricks, steel, glass, and wood, living things are made from chemical compounds. For this reason, to truly understand living things, we must also have an understanding of chemistry.

I. Basic Chemistry A. Matter = anything that has mass and takes up space. B. Atoms = basic units of matter. From the Greek word atomos which means “unable to cut” Placed side by side, 100 million atoms would equal the width of your little finger C. An element = matter made of only one type of atom. D. A molecule = two or more atoms bonded together.

ll. Chemical Reactions A. A chemical reaction = the process by which atoms bond together or break apart. B. The reaction of two or more elements together results in the formation of a chemical bond between atoms and the formation of a chemical compound (molecule). 1. Formed when two or more atoms chemically bond together, the resulting compound is unique both chemically and physically from its parent atoms.

C. A chemical equation = the shorthand that scientists use to describe a chemical reaction. (Reactants) (Products) 2Na + Cl 2  2NaCl 1. To write a chemical equation for a reaction, we would place the reactants on the left side of the equation with an arrow pointing to the products.

lll. Macromolecules A. Macromolecules = large molecules that are made from thousands or even hundreds of thousands of smaller molecules. B.A polymer (meaning “many parts”) is a macromolecule made up of many smaller, repeating molecules. C.A monomer (meaning “one part”) is a single, repeating unit which is bonded together to make polymers.

D. How polymers are formed and broken down: 1. Dehydration synthesis = a process through which polymers are formed from monomers through the removal of H 2 O.

2. Hydrolysis = the process of breaking down polymers into monomers by the addition of H 2 O.

3. Notice that dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis are opposite reactions!!

Donut Demo

lV. Inorganic chemistry is the study of all compounds that do not contain bonds between carbon atoms.

V. Organic chemistry is the study of all compounds that contain bonds between carbon atoms.

A. Carbon atoms are so special because: They have four valence electrons allowing them to join with an electron from another atom to form a strong covalent bond. 1. They can bond with many different elements. 2. They can bond to other carbon atoms forming chains or rings. 3. They have the ability to form millions of different large and complex structures.

B. The four groups of organic compounds found in living things are: 1. Carbohydrates 2. Lipids 3. Proteins 4. Nucleic Acids

Front Back Vocabulary Word Definition of the word. A drawing that reminds you of the definition of the word. (Must use at least one color.) Unit ___ - ______________________

Front Back Biology The study of life

Unit 1 – Biomolecules Definition Due Friday (9/11/15) All Parts Due Thursday (9/17/15) 1.Atom 2.Molecule 3.Reactant 4.Product 5.Macro- 6.Macromolecule 7.Poly- 8.Mono- 9.Polymer 10.Monomer 11.Lysis- 12.Dehydration Synthesis 13.Hydrolysis 14.Synthesis 15.Biomolecules 16.Carbohydrates 17.Lipids 18.Proteins 19.Nucleic Acids 20.Monosaccharide 21.Polysaccharide 22.Fatty Acid 23.Triglyceride 24.Amino Acid 25.Polypeptide 26.Catalyst 27.Substrate 28.Enzyme (“-ase” must be in your definition) 29.Active Site 30.Enzyme-Substrate Complex