Page 1 Quick Update on the ESA “Climate Change Initiative” (CCI) PP Mathieu, ESA EO Science & Exploitation WOAP – Hamburg – March 2010

Page 2 CCI Rationale & Objective The objective of Climate Change Initiative is to realize the full potential of the long-term global Earth Observation archives that ESA together with its Member states have established over the last thirty years, as a significant and timely contribution to the ECV databases required by UNFCCC. It will ensure that full capital is derived from ongoing and planned ESA missions for climate purposes, including ERS, Envisat, the Earth Explorer missions, relevant ESA-managed archives of Third-Party Mission data and, in due course, the GMES Space Component. CCI Programme following Ministerial Council in 2008, about 75MEUR over 6 years for about 20 ECVs Starting NOW

Page 3 10/ Metop-A 2006 Meteosat 1977 ERS ERS ENVISAT 2002 MSG Family of Sentinels Expanding European EO Capabilities GOCE Mar 2009 EarthCAREADM-Aeolus SMOS Nov 2009 CRYOSAT 2 Apr 2010 SWARM Earth Explorers Earth Watch Missions Met Missions operated by EUMETSAT MSG+ MTG Post-EPS EE7 USER Driven OPERATIONAL GMES Space Component -Sentinel 1 (SAR) -Sentinel 2 (Multispectral Img) -Sentinel 3 (Glob Ocean / Land) -Sentinel 4 (Chemistry geo) -Sentinel 5 (Chemistry polar)

Page 4 GOCE – Gravity field & steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorer GOCE Main Objectives global ocean circulation and transfer of heat + physics of the Earth’s interior + sea level records, ice sheets and sea level change … to a global picture of the GEOID of unprecedented accuracy The Missing Link.. From Observed gravity gradients (e.g. Uxx) from 260+km altitude

Page 5 SMOS – Soil Moisture Ocean Salinity From Brightness Temperature ………… to Soil Moisture (50km) & SSS (0.1psu, 200km) …. Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya NRT exploitation by Met offices ECMWF) Watch out RFI! In L-band

Page 6 CCI Scope: Satellite-based ECVs DomainEssential Climate Variables Atmospheric (over land sea and ice) Surface: Air temperature, Precipitation, Air pressure, Surface radiation budget, Wind speed and direction, Water vapour. Upper-air: Earth radiation budget (including solar irradiances), Upper-air temperature (including MSU radiances), Wind speed and direction, Water vapour, Cloud properties. Composition: Carbon dioxide, Methane, Ozone, Other Long-Lived greenhouse gases, Aerosol properties. Oceanic Surface: Sea-surface temperature, Sea-surface salinity, Sea-level, Sea state, Sea ice, Current, Ocean colour (for biological activity), Carbon dioxide partial pressure. Sub-surface: Temperature, Salinity, Current, Nutrients, Carbon, Ocean tracers, Phytoplankton. Terrestrial River discharge, Water use, Ground water, Lake levels, Snow cover, Glaciers and ice caps, Permafrost and seasonally-frozen ground, Albedo, Land Cover (including vegetation type), Fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active Radiation (fAPAR), Leaf area index (LAI), Biomass, Fire disturbance. Soil moisture. GCOS – 107 Systematic Observation Requirements for Satellite-Based Product for Climate Page 81

Page 7 CCI Scope: Satellite-based ECVs DomainEssential Climate Variables Atmospheric (over land sea and ice) Surface: Air temperature, Precipitation, Air pressure, Surface radiation budget, Wind speed and direction, Water vapour. Upper-air: Earth radiation budget (including solar irradiances), Upper-air temperature (including MSU radiances), Wind speed and direction, Water vapour, Cloud properties. Composition: Carbon dioxide, Methane, Ozone, Other Long-Lived greenhouse gases, Aerosol properties. Oceanic Surface: Sea-surface temperature, Sea-surface salinity, Sea-level, Sea state, Sea ice, Current, Ocean colour (for biological activity), Carbon dioxide partial pressure. Sub-surface: Temperature, Salinity, Current, Nutrients, Carbon, Ocean tracers, Phytoplankton. Terrestrial River discharge, Water use, Ground water, Lake levels, Snow cover, Glaciers and ice caps, Permafrost and seasonally-frozen ground, Albedo, Land Cover (including vegetation type), Fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active Radiation (fAPAR), Leaf area index (LAI), Biomass, Fire disturbance. Soil moisture. GCOS – 107 Systematic Observation Requirements for Satellite-Based Product for Climate Page 81 Difficult Selection of sub-set of 11 ECVs (first step)! …

Page 8 Education & Awareness “Show” ECV assessment “Exploit” Re-processing ex archive (e.g. calibration) Re-processing ex archive (e.g. calibration) ECV generation (e.g. validation & bias) Feedback Loop Long Term Archiving Programmes Multi-mission infrastructure International Climate Programmes EC & MS R&D Programmes IPCC Process, UNFCCC INPUT FROM OUTPUT TO “Deliver” “Gather” CCI Steps: Value Chain & Feedback Loop DATA ALGO IMPACT FOR USER (e.g. evaluation models) SCIENCE!

ERS-1ERS-2Envisat (2002) Earth Explorer SentinelsEumetsat ECV Radar Altimeter ATSR-1 SAR Wave Mode SAR Image Mode Scatterometer Radar Altimeter ATSR-2 SAR Wave Mode SAR Image Mode Scatterometer Gome Radar Altimeter AATSR Meris ASAR Wave Mode ASAR Image Mode Sciamachy MIPAS GOMOS GOCE (2008)SMOS (2009) Cryosat (2009) ADM / Aeolus (2009) EarthCAre (2012) Sentinel 1 (2012)Sentinel 2 (2012)Sentinel 3 (2012) Sentinel 4Sentinel 5 MSG (2002) GOME-2 (2006) IASI (2006) Ascatt (2006) TOPEX / Jason (1991) SPOT / VGT (1998) SPOT / HRV (1986) Landsat (1977) AVHRR (1981) DMSP – SSMI (1987) MODIS (1999) SeaWIFS (1997) Geosat Follow-on (1998) OMI (2004) TOMS (1978) Aquarius(2010) Radarsat (1995) JERS / ALOS (1991 / 2006) Other Missions count OCEAN O.2 Sea Level ●●●●●●●● 8 O.3 SST ●●●●●●● 7 O.4 Ocean Colour ●●●● 4 O.5 Sea State ●●●●●● ● ●●●●● 12 O.6 Ocean Salinity● ●● 3 O.1 Sea Ice Concentration●●●●●●●7 LAND T.1 Lakes●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●21 T.2 Glacier & Ice Caps●●●●●● ●● ●●●●12 T.5 Land Cover ●●●●●●● ● ●●● 11 T.6 faPAR ●●●●●●●● 8 T.7 LAI ●●●●●●●● 8 T.8 Biomass●●●●● ● 6 T.9 Burned Area & Burning Fire● ●●●●●●●●● 10 T.10 Soil Moisture (Research)●●● ● ●●6 T.3 Snow Area●●●●●●●●●●● ●● ● ● ●16 T.4 Albedo ●●●●●●●●● 9 ATMOSPHERE A.4 Cloud Properties ●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●13 A.7 O3 Total and Column ●●●●●●●● 8 A.8 Aerosol OD & other props ●●●●●●● ● ●●●●●●● ● ● 17 A.9 GHGs Distributions ●● ● ●●●● 7 A.10 Upper Air Winds ● ESA missions data => FCDRs => ECVs FCDR of each ECV requires data from several sensors Data from each sensor contributes to FCDR of several ECVs

Page 10 CCI Precursor: GLOB projects Link with users (e.g. IGBP, Convention, Scientific Community,..)

Page 11 The time Dimension - “baseline” data requirement per ECV Issue of continuity, consistency [jump], stability! …

Page 12 Some Elements of the CCI Programme Guidance: CSAB (Climate Scientific Advisory Board) Production - 11 ECV Contracts - Call for Tender for Phase 1 [USER Consultation, Prototype Syst] (now closed) to prepared for Phase 2 (yr 4-5-6) [OPERATIONAL SYST] Consortium including Science Leader, Project Manager, EO expert, System Engineering, User - Specialised Climate Research Groups. Tasks including, user consultation, algo development [retrieval, merging], validation, round-robin comparison, system prototyping, error characterisation (from sensor to parameters), user assessment Integration: Need expressed (e.g. ESAC, CSAB) + Value element of feedback. CMUG contract (Climate Modelling User Group) [Met Office, ECMWF, MPI-M, MeteoFR] to place a climate system perspective at the centre of the CCI programme, and to provide a dedicated forum through which the EO Data Community and Climate Modelling Community can work closely together. ESA Climate Office in Harwell (Technical role, e.g. Management of some ECVs + Scientific Data Visu Tools [Exploitation], Interface Role, e.g. with EC, Int Coop)

Page 13 Specialized “EO data communities” ECV 1 ECV 2 ECV 3 Specialized climate research groups International EO community (CEOS) International climate modelling community Where we want to go … global satellite data products for climate research An observing system to challenge, calibrate and verify Global Climate Models Climate Modelling Users Group

Page 14 Specialised Clim Research Group 1 Specialised Clim Research Group 2 Climate Modelling Community Specialised Clim Research Group 11 GCOS User Communities Clim Res. Data Package Cal / Val Data Climatology ATBD CCI Project ECV 1 CCI Project ECV 2 CCI Project ECV 11 CMUG Forum ESACEOS agencies ReanalysisIn-Situ Level x Climate Models Assimilation, Data toolboxes Algo + Fusion tech FEEDBACK PRODUCTIONINTEGRATION INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION ESA programme links with CEOS, SCOPE-CM, EU FP7, EUMETSAT, NASA, EEA… PARTNERSHIP Tools (e.g. algorithms, models) Data Stream (e.g. FCDR, ECV, Level 1b) Information (e.g. Requirements, Feedback) CCI Climate Data Base

Page 15 Multi-type Obs (sensor, geophysical) Space, time Ancillary Obs data (e.g. climatology, in-situ) Multi-ECVs Model Data (e.g reanalysis) Towards Enhanced Scrutiny..

Page 16 Multi-type Obs (sensor, geophysical) Space, time Ancillary Obs data (e.g. climatology, in-situ) Multi-ECVs Model Data (e.g reanalysis) Tools Visualisation, Statistics, Mining Tech Towards Enhanced Scrutiny.. Describe (e.g. trends, variability) + Documents! Understand (e.g. error, consistency) Detect (e.g. Quality flag)

Page 17 CONCLUDING REMARKS [Periodic] Re-processing Data Set [monitoring] e.g. Enhanced Scrutiny, Error Bar “ Optimize ” Observation e.g. Foster exploitation, model evaluation [CMIP5] Engage with User Community e.g. Dialogue with WOAP – Main Focal Point Invitation to CCI EGU [6 May :30-16:15] organised by CMUG to gather requirements from Climate Modelling Community

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