1. 6th SMOS Workshop, DTU Lyngby, Denmark, 15-17 May 2006 Summary of ESA’s SMOS Science Activities Michael Berger ESA – ESTEC Earth Observation Programmes Directorate Mission Science Division Land Surfaces Unit 6 th SMOS Workshop, TUD Lyngby, Denmark, 15-17 May 2006

2. 6th SMOS Workshop, DTU Lyngby, Denmark, 15-17 May 2006 METEOSAT Second Generation MSG-1, -2, -3 METEOSAT M-1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 METOP-1, -2, -3 GMES Earth Explorers ERS-1, -2 1990 2000 2010 ENVISAT Science to better understand the Earth Applications Services to initiate long term monitoring systems and services ADM/Aeolus CryoSat-2 SWARM Sentinel-1/2/3 in cooperation with EC SMOS GOCE EarthCARE Earthnet: European access to non-ESA missions: Landsat, SeaWifs, NOAA, JERS, MODIS, ALOS, Proba, Bird, Scisat... European users in cooperation with EUMETSAT Meteo Since 1976 ESA’s EO Programmes

3. 6th SMOS Workshop, DTU Lyngby, Denmark, 15-17 May 2006 Open scientific questions at the beginning of Phase-A  Are the mission objectives realistic taking into account different signal ‘perturbing’ factors?  Do the anticipated accuracies only apply under certain conditions and for certain areas?  What are the characteristics of SMOS data (image reconstruction, aggregation, disaggregation)?  What are the anticipated impacts of SMOS on the different research fields? Over land:Biomass cover, land-use heterogeneity (mixed pixels, open water, urban), topography, dew, frost, litter, surface temperature Over sea:surface roughness (wind speed and direction), foam (quantification and modelling), dielectric constant, surface temperature Others:Atmospheric effects, Galactic noise, Ionospheric effects (Faraday), RFI, retrieval & cal/val schemes accounting for SMOS system characteristics Over land:Biomass cover, land-use heterogeneity (mixed pixels, open water, urban), topography, dew, frost, litter, surface temperature Over sea:surface roughness (wind speed and direction), foam (quantification and modelling), dielectric constant, surface temperature Others:Atmospheric effects, Galactic noise, Ionospheric effects (Faraday), RFI, retrieval & cal/val schemes accounting for SMOS system characteristics

4. 6th SMOS Workshop, DTU Lyngby, Denmark, 15-17 May 2006 Study and Campaigns  Ocean Salinity and Soil Moisture Requirement Studies  SM and OS Retrieval Studies  SM and OS Synergy Studies  Image Reconstruction Study  coSMOS Data Analysis Study  SMOS End-to-end Performance Simulator (SEPS)  SMOS Retrieval Software (SRS)  WISE, LOSAC, EuroSTARRS, DOMEX, coSMOS  Coordination with national funded activities (Avignon, UPC and GWU dielectric measurements, pond measurements, SMOSREX and other algorithm development activities 4 6th SMOS Workshop, DTU Lyngby, Denmark, 15-17 May 2006

5. from Selection to Implementation to Exploitation Good support using different programmatic frameworks in defining the requirements Good support for looking into issues related to the physics of the signal however retrieval pathes cut too early due to financial constraints. Parallel activities may lead to better products? NRT requirement assessed by default for all EE now! almost no support for preparing the data exploitation ESA relies heavily on national support for cal/val – consolidated Cal/Val plan lacking Good support using different programmatic frameworks in defining the requirements Good support for looking into issues related to the physics of the signal however retrieval pathes cut too early due to financial constraints. Parallel activities may lead to better products? NRT requirement assessed by default for all EE now! almost no support for preparing the data exploitation ESA relies heavily on national support for cal/val – consolidated Cal/Val plan lacking 2001200220032004200520062007 PRRSRR/PDRCDR FAR Launch Phase-APhase-BPhase-C/D Phase-E ESAC Reviews E1 DUE, EOMD SMOS development EOPP (now EOPA), GSP Mission Manager Project Manager & ESA Project Team Lead Investigators & ESA Mission Scientist

6. 6th SMOS Workshop, DTU Lyngby, Denmark, 15-17 May 2006 Open issuesSoil MoistureOcean Salinity Consolidation of obs.req.: completed Signal physics: Model improvement / parameterisation Improvements, remaining open issues (litter, outcrops, topo., water interception,..) Improvements, remaining open issues (‘wiggling’ effect, roughness parametrisation…) GS devel. support: Retrieval develop. Reconstruction Synergy ATBD generation completed, IR techniques selected, synergy study on-going, statistical retrieval scheme not followed, real data collected (model parametrisation / validation – coSMOS) ATBD completed, real data needed for model validation – coSMOS) Application support: Assimilation schemes Other Open but experience from ELDAS Partially addressed in Cal/Val proposals, Study to assimilation directly Tb fields in the ECMWF forecast model needed Ideas exists but SMOS adaptation in assimilation schemes is needed Validation: Scheme develop. Site sel./establish. SCVT team established, consolidation of requirements, support by national activities needed, SM network support Summary Matrix

7. 6th SMOS Workshop, DTU Lyngby, Denmark, 15-17 May 2006 Outlook Studies:SM Synergy Study coSMOS data analysis assimilation study with ECMWF Campaigns:Nafe ’06 contribution? HUT-2D, SMOSillo proof of concept Dome-C preparation Cal/Val: Plan consolidation SM Network database support Data exploitation AO prep.