 Inside the Earth ◦ Inner Core-solid metallic center ◦ Outer core- melted iron/nickle hotter than mantle ◦ Mantle- Thick layer of hot rock/ about 1800 miles thick ◦ Magma- molten rock from the mantle. Will rise through crust. ◦ Crust-thin layer of rock on earth’s surface os.org

 Atmosphere- air that surrounds the earth  Lithosphere- surface land areas of the earth’s crust including continents and ocean basins miles deep

 Hydrosphere- 71% of earth surface ◦ Oceans, lakes, rivers, bodies of water, glaciers, permafrost  Biosphere- part of the earth where life is found

 Amount of water on earth constant.  97% salt water.  3% fresh water ◦ 2% locked up in glaciers. ◦.5% is locked up in lakes, rivers, ◦.5% ground water-water held in pores of rock.  Hydrological cycle- continuous circulation of water  Water table- The level at which the rocks become saturated (can rise or fall depending on precipitation and use)

 Oceanic Landforms ◦ Continental shelf- earth’s surface from the edge of a continent to the deep part of the ocean. ◦ Have canyons, plains, ridges  Continental Landforms ◦ Relief: the difference in elevation of a landform from its lowest point to highest point.

Combination of the surface shape and composition of the landforms in a region.

Mountains

 Pangea ◦ 1912 Alfred Wegener of Germany ◦ Idea that earth was once a supercontinent that divided slowly millions of years ago ◦ Split into many plates

 Tectonic plates

 Plate Movement Types: ◦ Divergent Boundary



Transform boundary

Weathering: Breaking down of rocks, soils and minerals and other artificial materials through contact with the Earth's atmosphere, biota and waters. Occurs with no movement

breakdown of rocks and soils through direct contact with atmospheric conditions, such as heat, water, ice and pressure.

Erosion: process by which material is removed from a region of the Earth surface. occurs due to transport by wind, water, or ice or gravity