1. The Earth’s Physical Geography
Forces Shaping Earth 2-2

2. Vocabulary
Core – The sphere of very hot metal at the center of the Earth. Mantle – The thick layer around the Earth’s core Crust – The thin, rocky layer of Earth’s surface Magma – soft, nearly molten rock Plate – a huge block of Earth’s crust Weathering – A process that breaks rocks down into small pieces Erosion – The removal of small pieces of rock by water, ice or wind

3. Understanding Earth
What is Mantle and Core pg 25 Earth made of? It all works together! Crust = land areas and ocean floors Heated mantle and core help shape the crust Crust floats on top of the mantle

4. Water and Air
What part of More than 70% of Earth’s the Earth surface is water. Oceans hold is Water 97% of Earth’s water. and Air? Fresh water is frozen in ice sheets near N and S Poles. How much of Earth is air? Atmosphere = layers of gas a few miles thick. Provides oxygen to _________________ and carbon dioxide to ____________.

5. Landforms
Mountains rise more than 2,000 ft above sea level or surrounding land Ex. Volcano Hills have rounded tops, but are lower and less steep than mountains Plateau is large and mostly flat . It rises above the surrounding land One steep slope Plains are large areas of flat land, but can also be gently rolling

6. Forces Inside Earth
How are Heat inside the Earth constantly volcanoes reshapes the surface a force Causes the rock to rise to within the surface the Earth? Volcanoes are formed when magma pushes up the crust Volcanoes spew lava or molten rock. Magma can push the Earth apart along seams

7. Forces Inside the Earth
What are Huge blocks of Earth’s crust plates? These are continents or parts of continents. Each plate is part ocean floor. Magma rises and cools creating new crust and pushing old crust away from the seams.

8. Forces inside Earth
Magma and plates pg 25 How are Colliding ocean and land crust volcanoes sink and melt. and Volcanoes are mostly around Earthquakes plates, but not always created? Example: Hawaii Earthquakes happen when two p plates rub along faults Faults are cracks in the Earth’s crust. Faults happen when two plates push together, the crust cracks and splinters from pressure

9. Moving Continents
How did Plates moved over hundreds the world of millions of years become Pangea – 250 million yrs the world? 150 million yrs 75 million yrs Present continents

10. Forces on Earth’s Surface
What are Weathering – process that the forces breaks rock down into tiny on Earth’s pieces. surface? Weathering helps create soil Rock + decayed animal + plant material = soil.

11. Erosion
What Erosion is the removal of small causes pieces of rock by water, ice, or erosion? wind. Ex: Appalachian Mountains Deposited material from erosion creates new landforms Ex: Plains

12. Appalachian Mountains