Today: Circulation and Respiration Exam 2 T 4/5 in class (bring cheat sheet) Take-home 2 due 4/5 in class

Sources of transported material

B-cells, T-cells, antibodies, nutrients, waste, O 2, CO 2, water, minerals, etc must be transported throughout the body Fig 42.17

Fig 42.6 B-cells, T- cells, antibodies, nutrients, waste, O 2, CO 2, water, minerals, etc must be transported throughout the body

Fig 42.6 Humans have two ciculatory circuits: pulmonary and systemic

Fig Blood flows from arteries to capillaries to veins

Capillaries provide the large surface area required for these exchanges to take place.

Fig Blood pressure changes as the blood moves from arteries to capillaries

Fig This change in pressure causes fluid to leak out of the capillaries

High pressure, Fluid forced out Blood in vein, More viscous Interstitial fluid, Recovered by…

Fig Not all of the fluid (~15%) is reabsorbed on the venous side. This interstitial fluid is collected by the lymphatic system.

Lymphatic system Fig 43.7

The lymphatic system collects interstitial fluid from the body and returns the fluid to the blood as the blood is reentering the heart Lymph vessel Fig 41.16

Fats and lipids move through the lymphatic system, which returns fluid to blood directly before heart Lymph vessel small intestine Fig 41.16

Fig Because of the low pressure in veins and lymph vessels, movement of these fluids comes from skeletal muscles movements.

The human circulatory system is both open and closed Fig 42.3

The human circulatory system is both open and closed

Fig 42.3

Nutrients, Waste, O 2, CO 2, Water, Minerals, etc must be transported throughout the body

CO 2 + H 2 OC 6 H O 2 CO 2 + H 2 O C 6 H O 2 light sugar Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration ATP energy ADP

Nutrients, Waste, O 2, CO 2, Water, Minerals, etc must be transported throughout the body

Fig Gases move by diffusion: Only from high to low concentration

hemoglobin Hb is carried inside red blood cells Hemoglobin (a protein) carries oxygen in the blood

Fig The Respiratory System: large surface area to maximize gas exchange ~100m2 in humans

Fig Gas exchange occurs in alveoli

In the lungs, O 2 diffuses into the blood, and CO 2 diffuses out into the lungs.

How is oxygen delivered to where it is needed?

By adjusting blood flow… Fig 42.15

Fig By changes in blood pH

Cell Blood Lung CO 2 O2O2 Cellular Respiration Hb in RBC CO 2 O2O2 Hb in RBC Low CO 2 High O 2 Fig O2O2 O2O2

Cell Blood Lung CO 2 O2O2 Cellular Respiration Hb in RBC CO 2 O2O2 Hb in RBC Low CO 2 High O 2 CO 2 +H 2 O =H 2 CO 3 (carbonic acid) (less carbonic acid) Fig O2O2 O2O2

Fig 42.29b Changes in blood pH, change binding affinity of hemoglobin

Cell Blood Lung CO 2 O2O2 Cellular Respiration Hb releases O 2 at lower pH CO 2 O2 Hb can bind O 2 Low CO 2 High O 2 CO 2 +H 2 O =H 2 CO 3 (carbonic acid) (less carbonic acid) Fig O2O2 O2O2

Exam 2 T 4/5 in class (bring cheat sheet) Take-home 2 due 4/5 in class