BIOLOGY NOTES-HUMAN EVOLUTION

Primates HUMANS BELONG TO THE GROUP CALLED _____________that also include monkeys and apes HUMANS BELONG TO THE GROUP CALLED _____________that also include monkeys and apes originally lived in trees originally lived in trees strong hands,fingers and ____________________thumbs strong hands,fingers and ____________________thumbs relatively large brains w/ a degree of intelligence relatively large brains w/ a degree of intelligence complex social behaviors complex social behaviors primates opposable

Primates extended parental care extended parental care only humans can remain ____________- walking on 2 legs-for an extended time only humans can remain ____________- walking on 2 legs-for an extended time humans have the largest of primate brains humans have the largest of primate brains humans have more developed speech humans have more developed speech bipedal

II.Primate Evolution-A.Apes usually larger than monkeys usually larger than monkeys larger brains and no tail larger brains and no tail surviving apes:_________,______,_____,and gibbons surviving apes:_________,______,_____,and gibbons genetic studies show chimps to be closest ape to humans-----more than 90% genes identical genetic studies show chimps to be closest ape to humans-----more than 90% genes identical Chimps, gorillas, orangutans

chimps gorillas orangutans Gibbons

Prosimians & Anthropoids ____________________(means premonkey)-small monkeylike w/ large forward facing eyes and are night--- fossilized ones were rodentlike ____________________(means premonkey)-small monkeylike w/ large forward facing eyes and are night--- fossilized ones were rodentlike Modern Prosimians:__________,____________ and ________________ Modern Prosimians:__________,____________ and ________________ Prosimians nocturnal Lorises,pottos, lemurs and tarsiers loris

pottos lemur Tarsier

Prosimians & Anthropoids ________means humanlike -include New World monkeys of S. America w/ pre- hensile tails-flexible tails(example-spider monkey) ________means humanlike -include New World monkeys of S. America w/ pre- hensile tails-flexible tails(example-spider monkey) anthropoids in Europe,Asia and Africa evolved into 2 groups 1)_________and 2)_________ anthropoids in Europe,Asia and Africa evolved into 2 groups 1)_________and 2)_________ Old World Monkeys have long prominent noses and non-prehensile tails-example- Baboon Old World Monkeys have long prominent noses and non-prehensile tails-example- Baboon anthropoid 1)New world ex-spider monkeys 2) Old World—ex- baboon

Spider monkey Baboon

Early Hominids _______________all anthropoids belonging to human family _______________all anthropoids belonging to human family modern human:_____ modern human:_____ __________are scientists who study the lives and cultures of human through fossils and artifacts __________are scientists who study the lives and cultures of human through fossils and artifacts probably there was usually more than one a time probably there was usually more than one a time hominids Homo sapiens Archaeologists

Australopithecus Fossil evidence suggests the split between human and apes happened between 5-8 million years ago Fossil evidence suggests the split between human and apes happened between 5-8 million years ago Oldest fossil found may be_____________- meaning southern ape found in southern Africa Oldest fossil found may be_____________- meaning southern ape found in southern Africa million y old - __________ million y old - __________ Australopithecus A. ramidus

Australopithecus 1924-_______ mya 1924-_______ mya 1974-_________________-Lucy-3-4mya 1974-_________________-Lucy-3-4mya They are considered hominids because they are bipedal---note different pelvis They are considered hominids because they are bipedal---note different pelvis Austalapithecus brain still smaller Austalapithecus brain still smaller _______________and _____________-1-2 mya- thicker bones _______________and _____________-1-2 mya- thicker bones A. Africanus A. afarensis A. Robustus and A. boisei

A. africanus A.afarensis

A. robustus A. boisei

Homo habilis 1964 the Leakies found __________________-1st known to use tools-direct ancestor of humans 1964 the Leakies found __________________-1st known to use tools-direct ancestor of humans 1960's-another discovery of probably same species 1960's-another discovery of probably same species larger brain larger brain Homo habilis

Homo erectus even larger brain even larger brain migrated out of Africa and into Asia and Europe migrated out of Africa and into Asia and Europe may have been able to make fire may have been able to make fire

Homo sapiens maybe 500,000 to 300,000 y ago maybe 500,000 to 300,000 y ago A. ___________fossils found in Germany in 1856 A. ___________fossils found in Germany in 1856 subspecies of Homo sapiens subspecies of Homo sapiens Europe and Asia Europe and Asia brains as large as humans brains as large as humans faces fairly similar w/ heavier brow faces fairly similar w/ heavier brow burials and decorated tools burials and decorated tools religion religion Neanderthal

Cro-Magnons 100,000 y a 100,000 y a shared earth w/ Neanderthals....may have blended into one group shared earth w/ Neanderthals....may have blended into one group may have drove Neanderthals to extinction may have drove Neanderthals to extinction 1st fully modern human 1st fully modern human