1. HUMAN EVOLUTION Cartoon

3. I. PRIMATES HUMANS BELONG TO THE GROUP OF MAMMALS CALLED-PRIMATES
THIS INCLUDES ALL MONKEYS & APES
What characteristics do primates have?

4. PRIMATE PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Strong Hands
OPPOSABLE THUMBS-GRASPING
SHOULDER JOINTS MOVE FREELY-SWINGING IN TREES, HAND TO HAND
BINOCULAR VISION JUDGE DISTANCE
THESE ARE TRAITS FROM OUR TREE-DWELLING ANCESTORS
LARGER, MORE COMPLEX BRAIN THAN MOST MAMMALS

5. PRIMATES SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS
COMPLEX SOCIAL BEHAVIORS- live in large groups
TAKE CARE OF YOUNG FOR EXTENDED TIME AFTER BIRTH
USE TOOLS
Hunt for other animals

6. TRAITS HUMANS HAVE THAT other Primates DO NOT
UPRIGHT POSTURE
because SHAPE of PELVIS
SHORTER PELVIS
SHORTER ARMS
HUMAN SPINE CURVED
APE SPINE STRAIGHTER

8. Chimp Human Skeletons

9. II. PRIMATE EVOLUTION OLDEST PRIMATE FOSSIL 65 MYO
55 MYA PRIMATES SPLIT INTO 2 GROUPS:
• PROSIMIANS & ANTHROPOIDS
PROSIMIANS-PRE-MONKEY
SMALL, W/LARGE FORWARD FACING EYES. NOCTURNAL, INSECT EATERS, TREE DWELLERS. PREHENSILE TAIL

10. PROSIMIANS
LORIS
LEMUR

11. ANTHROPOIDS
Includes monkeys, APES & HUMANS

12. Hominids HOMO SAPIENS –
HOMINIDS -ANTHROPOIDS that are human
HOMO SAPIENS –
ONLY HOMINIDS LIVING
Scientists have not found the first Hominid ancestor that separated from the apes
Fossil evidence of other hominids indicates that this may have occurred 5-8 Million Years Ago

14. II. HOMINIDS
OLDEST HOMINID FOSSIL 6.0 Million Years AUSTRALOPITHECUS (genus) mya
“SOUTHERN APE”
Discovered in S. Africa 1924 Raymond Dart
FOUND CHILD’S SKULL- A. africanus (species)
LIVED MYA

15. A. AUSTRALOPITHECUS DISCOVERIES
1936 Hip bone fossil found. What does this bone help anthropologist determine?
Bi-pedalism, upright walking
1974 Donald Johanson- found a small, female skeleton- LUCY.
A. afarensis lived 3-4 mya
MARY LEAKY found hominid footprints of an adult & child

16. AUSTRALOPITHECUS CHARACTERISTICS
BIPEDAL
APE-LIKE FEATURES,
Longer arms than Homo sapiens, Brains not much larger than modern apes, short stature
No tools have so far been found with Australopithecus remains.
Why?

17. LUCY Videos Walking http://www. pbs
SHE WAS APPROX. 3’6”
WEIGHED 62 LBS.
25 YEARS OLD
SHE WAS THE MOST COMPLETE SKELETON FOUND

18. HOMO habilis AKA “HANDY MAN” 2.5-1.7 MYA 1964 discovered in AFRICA
DIRECT ANCESTOR OF Modern Humans
1964 discovered in AFRICA
Found TOOLS & WEAPONS
½ size of modern humans
Why did they have bigger brains?

19. HOMO HABILIS

20. C. HOMO ERECTUS 1.7-? MYA “UPRIGHT MAN”
1 Million Years Ago FIRST Hominid that Migrated out of Africa into Europe and Asia
May have been hunters and gatherers
Larger cranium than habilis
Found hand axes & charred animal bones with remains
Hypothesized they may have lived in shelters & wore animal hides -Lived during an Ice Age

22. D. HOMO SAPIENS “Wise Man”
Fossils date 500, ,000 Years old
2 GROUPS IN THE FOSSIL RECORD
NEANDERTHAL & CRO MAGNON

23. 1. NEANDERTHAL Lived throughout Europe 150,000-30,000 YA
Brain about the same size as modern humans
May have spoken
Hyoid bone in throat found with some fossils
Heavy brow ridge
Small chin and large, broad nose
Tools at graves, and recent evidence of cave paintings

24. NEANDERTHAL

25. 2. CRO-MAGNON 1868 found in France by Louis Lartet LIVED 100,000 YA
Cave paintings, Tool use
Narrower nasal opening
Small, pointed chin

26. WHAT HAPPENED TO NEANDERTHALS?
Two theories
1. Did they get out competed by Cro-Magnon?
2. Did they Interbreed w/them?
Evidence most people of European ancestry have 1-4% Neanderthal DNA in their DNA sequence

27. Homo florensis Hobbits. http://humanorigins. si
florensis skull
Modern Human
Lived 50,000 Y.A