Chapter 13 The Oceans, Coastal Processes, and Landforms Elemental Geosystems 5e Robert W. Christopherson Charles E. Thomsen

The Oceans, Coastal Processes, and Landforms Global Oceans and Seas   Coastal System Components   Coastal System Actions   Coastal System Outputs   Human Impact on Coastal Environments

Global Oceans and Seas Chemical Composition of Seawater Ocean chemistry Average salinity 35‰ Physical Structure of the Ocean  

Figure 13.1

Ocean’s Physical Structure Figure 13.2

Coastal System Components The Coastal Environment and Sea Level  

Littoral Zone Figure 13.3

Ocean Topography Figure 13.4

Coastal System Actions Tides   Causes of tides Spring and neap tides Tidal power Waves   Wave refraction Tsunami, or seismic sea wave

Tides Figure 13.5

Tidal Range and Tidal Power Figure 13.6

Wave Formation Figure 13.7

Rip Current Figure 13.7

Coastal Straightening Figure 13.8

Longshore Current and Beach Drift Figure 13.9

Coastal System Outputs Erosional Coastal Processes and Landforms   Depositional Coastal Processes and Landforms Beaches Barrier beach formations Barrier island hazards Biological Processes: Coral Formations   Coral reefs Coral bleaching Wetlands, Salt Marshes, and Mangrove Swamps Coastal wetlands

Erosional Features Figure 13.10

Rebounding Coast Figure HLC 13.1.1

Depositional Coastal Features Figure 13.11

Littoral Drift Figure 13.12

NC Barrier Islands Figure 13.13

Chandeleur Islands Figure 13.14

Coral Reef Distribution Figure 13.15

Coral Reef Formation and Forms Figure 13.16

Coral Formations Figure 13.16

Coastal Salt Marsh Figure 13.17

Mangroves Figure 13.18

Beach Erosion Figure 13.20

Coastal Planning Figure FS 13.1.1

Coastal Erosion Figure 13.1.2

Elemental Geosystems 5e End of Chapter 13 Elemental Geosystems 5e Robert W. Christopherson Charles E. Thomsen