2. Which does not affect coastal topography?
Plate tectonics
Population
Glaciers
Climate
Offshore coral reefs

3. Which does not affect coastal topography?
Plate tectonics
Population
Glaciers
Climate
Offshore coral reefs
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Global Sci Out: 7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across geology
Section: 11.1 – Introduction to Coastal Hazards
Earth Science LO: 4.7 – Landscapes result from the dynamic interplay between processes that form and uplift new crust and processes that destroy and depress the crust.
5.6 – Water shapes landscapes.

4. Which is a serious coastal hazard?
Storm surge
Tsunamis
All of these are serious coastal hazards
Strong coastal currents
Coastal erosion

5. Which is a serious coastal hazard?
Storm surge
Tsunamis
All of these are serious coastal hazards
Strong coastal currents
Coastal erosion
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Global Sci Out: 7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across geology
Section: 11.1 – Introduction to Coastal Hazards
Earth Science LO: 8.1 – Natural hazards result from natural Earth processes.

6. The size of waves in the ocean or on a lake depend on
the speed and duration of the wind and length of the fetch.
the speed of the wind, distance from shore, and length of the fetch.
the direction and duration of the wind, and distance from shore.
the direction and speed of the wind and distance from shore.
the direction and duration of the wind and length of the fetch.

7. The size of waves in the ocean or on a lake depend on
the speed and duration of the wind and length of the fetch.
the speed of the wind, distance from shore, and length of the fetch.
the direction and duration of the wind, and distance from shore.
the direction and speed of the wind and distance from shore.
the direction and duration of the wind and length of the fetch.
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Global Sci Out: 7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across geology
Section: 11.2 – Coastal Processes
Earth Science LO: 8.1 – Natural hazards result from natural Earth processes.

8. Which does not describe the size and movement of a wave?
Wavelength
All these describe the size and movement of a wave
Wave period
Swell
Wave height

9. Which does not describe the size and movement of a wave?
Wavelength
All these describe the size and movement of a wave
Wave period
Swell
Wave height
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Global Sci Out: 7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across geology
Section: 11.2 – Coastal Processes
Earth Science LO: 1.2 – Earth scientists use a large variety of scientific principles to understand how our planet works.

10. If you were watching waves from the shore and started counting the seconds between one crest to the next, what would you be measuring?
Wave height
Wavelength
Wave period
Wave energy
Wave speed

11. If you were watching waves from the shore and started counting the seconds between one crest to the next, what would you be measuring?
Wave height
Wavelength
Wave period
Wave energy
Wave speed
Answer: C
Diff: 3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Global Sci Out: 2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills
Section: 11.2 – Coastal Processes
Earth Science LO: 1.2 – Earth scientists use a large variety of scientific principles to understand how our planet works.

12. If you placed a small boat in waves in the open ocean (not near the shoreline) what would the motion of the boat be?
Circular pattern, slowly moving out to sea
Up and down, slowly moving out to sea
Up and down, slowly moving towards shoreline
Circular pattern, slowly moving towards the shoreline
Circular pattern, staying mostly in the same place

13. Circular pattern, slowly moving out to sea
If you placed a small boat in waves in the open ocean (not near the shoreline) what would the motion of the boat be?
Circular pattern, slowly moving out to sea
Up and down, slowly moving out to sea
Up and down, slowly moving towards shoreline
Circular pattern, slowly moving towards the shoreline
Circular pattern, staying mostly in the same place
Answer: E
Diff: 3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Global Sci Out: 2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills
Section: 11.2 – Coastal Processes
Earth Science LO: 1.2 – Earth scientists use a large variety of scientific principles to understand how our planet works.

14. The figure demonstrates the process of wave
breaking.
refraction.
swells.
plunging.
spilling.

15. The figure demonstrates the process of wave
breaking.
refraction.
swells.
plunging.
spilling.
Answer: B
Diff: 4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Global Sci Out: 2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills
Section: 11.2 – Coastal Processes
Earth Science LO: 1.2 – Earth scientists use a large variety of scientific principles to understand how our planet works.

16. The parallel transport of sediment by ocean currents is referred to as
sand drift.
beach drift.
longshore drift.
updrift.
downdrift.

17. The parallel transport of sediment by ocean currents is referred to as
sand drift.
beach drift.
longshore drift.
updrift.
downdrift.
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Global Sci Out: 7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across geology
Section: 11.2 – Coastal Processes
Earth Science LO: 1.2 – Earth scientists use a large variety of scientific principles to understand how our planet works.

18. Changes in air temperature can affect the global sea level through
melting ice on land.
thermal contraction.
thermal expansion.
All of these are ways the air temperature can affect the global sea level.
increasing snowfall.

19. Changes in air temperature can affect the global sea level through
melting ice on land.
thermal contraction.
thermal expansion.
All of these are ways the air temperature can affect the global sea level.
increasing snowfall.
Answer: D
Diff: 3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Global Sci Out: 2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills
Section: 11.3 – Sea-level Change
Earth Science LO: 8.5 – Natural hazards can be local or global in origin.

20. Rapid changes in relative seal level can contribute to hazards from
storm surge.
It can contribute to all of these.
coastal flooding.
coastal erosion.
offshore currents.

21. Rapid changes in relative seal level can contribute to hazards from
storm surge.
It can contribute to all of these.
coastal flooding.
coastal erosion.
offshore currents.
Answer: C
Diff: 3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Global Sci Out: 2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills
Section: 11.3 – Sea-level Change
Earth Science LO: 8.5 – Natural hazards can be local or global in origin.

22. Which of these areas is not at risk for coastal hazards?
Colorado River
Hawaii
Canadian provinces bordering the Great Lakes
Great Salt Lake
Gulf coast of U.S.

23. Which of these areas is not at risk for coastal hazards?
Colorado River
Hawaii
Canadian provinces bordering the Great Lakes
Great Salt Lake
Gulf coast of U.S.
Answer: A
Diff: 3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Global Sci Out: 2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills
Section: 11.4 – Geographic Regions at Risk from Coastal Hazards
Earth Science LO: 8.1 – Natural hazards result from natural Earth processes.

24. The figure shows an example of
hurricane paths that caused erosion on the barrier island.
rip current patterns off the barrier island.
continual change and relocation of a barrier island.
longshore currents for littoral transport of the barrier island.
oil spill movement around the barrier island.

25. The figure shows an example of
hurricane paths that caused erosion on the barrier island.
rip current patterns off the barrier island.
continual change and relocation of a barrier island.
longshore currents for littoral transport of the barrier island.
oil spill movement around the barrier island.
Answer: C
Diff: 4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Global Sci Out: 2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills
Section: 11.5 – Effects of Coastal Processes
Earth Science LO: 8.2 – Natural hazards shape the history of human societies.

26. Why is a rip current so dangerous?
It can pull swimmers under the water
There is no distinguishing characteristics to identify it
It is a very wide area that is hard to avoid
It pulls swimmers out to sea in the fast current
It is a dangerous tide called a riptide

27. Why is a rip current so dangerous?
It can pull swimmers under the water
There is no distinguishing characteristics to identify it
It is a very wide area that is hard to avoid
It pulls swimmers out to sea in the fast current
It is a dangerous tide called a riptide
Answer: D
Diff: 4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Global Sci Out: 2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills
Section: 11.5 – Effects of Coastal Processes
Earth Science LO: 8.1 – Natural hazards result from natural Earth processes.

28. What is the purpose of a beach budget?
Keep track of the guests
Visualize erosion at a particular beach
Map the rip currents
Create funds for restoration
Build funds for coastal hazard prevention

29. What is the purpose of a beach budget?
Keep track of the guests
Visualize erosion at a particular beach
Map the rip currents
Create funds for restoration
Build funds for coastal hazard prevention
Answer: B
Diff: 3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Global Sci Out: 2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills
Section: 11.5 – Effects of Coastal Processes
Earth Science LO: 8.1 – Natural hazards result from natural Earth processes.

30. Which is not a human activity that increases the erosion of sea cliffs and lakeshore bluffs?
High waves hitting the cliff/bluff
Increased runoff from urbanization
Building a wall on top of the cliff/bluff
Building a swimming pool on the cliff/bluff
Watering a lawn on top of the cliff/bluff

31. High waves hitting the cliff/bluff Increased runoff from urbanization
Which is not a human activity that increases the erosion of sea cliffs and lakeshore bluffs?
High waves hitting the cliff/bluff
Increased runoff from urbanization
Building a wall on top of the cliff/bluff
Building a swimming pool on the cliff/bluff
Watering a lawn on top of the cliff/bluff
Answer: A
Diff: 3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Global Sci Out: 2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills
Section: 11.5 – Effects of Coastal Processes
Earth Science LO: 9.6 – Human activities accelerate land erosion.

32. After an oil spill, what is needed to predict the movement of the oil along the beaches and in salt marshes?
The effects of the oil on life on beaches and salt marshes
Direction and rate of longshore transport
Wave height and frequency
How far inland tidal flow inundates salt marshes
All of these are needed to predict the movement

33. The effects of the oil on life on beaches and salt marshes
After an oil spill, what is needed to predict the movement of the oil along the beaches and in salt marshes?
The effects of the oil on life on beaches and salt marshes
Direction and rate of longshore transport
Wave height and frequency
How far inland tidal flow inundates salt marshes
All of these are needed to predict the movement
Answer: E
Diff: 3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Global Sci Out: 2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills
Section: 11.6 – Linkages between Coastal Processes and Other Natural Hazards
Earth Science LO: 8.6 – Earth scientists are continually improving estimates of when and where natural hazards occur.

34. Which is not a linkage between coastal processes and other natural hazards?
Erosion from hurricanes
Landslides from water erosion
Earthquakes change the shape of the coastline
Subduction zones created from coastal erosion
Tsunamis change the shape of the coastline

35. Erosion from hurricanes Landslides from water erosion
Which is not a linkage between coastal processes and other natural hazards?
Erosion from hurricanes
Landslides from water erosion
Earthquakes change the shape of the coastline
Subduction zones created from coastal erosion
Tsunamis change the shape of the coastline
Answer: D
Diff: 4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Global Sci Out: 2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills
Section: 11.6 – Linkages between Coastal Processes and Other Natural Hazards
Earth Science LO: 8.1 – Natural hazards result from natural Earth processes.

36. What is a natural service function of coastal processes?
Remove houses that are too close to the water.
Form beaches from coastal erosion.
Create rip currents to discourage water activities in a dangerous area.
Damage coastal areas so that further development will not take place.
None of these are natural service functions.

37. What is a natural service function of coastal processes?
Remove houses that are too close to the water.
Form beaches from coastal erosion.
Create rip currents to discourage water activities in a dangerous area.
Damage coastal areas so that further development will not take place.
None of these are natural service functions.
Answer: B
Diff: 3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Global Sci Out: 2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills
Section: 11.7 – Natural Service Functions of Coastal Processes
Earth Science LO: 8.2 – Natural hazards shape the history of human societies.

38. Which is not a way human interference with natural shore processes has caused considerable coastal erosion?
Destruction of coastal dunes for building sites
Altering barrier islands by human use
Building coastal engineering structures
Building seawalls to protect property
Improperly attaching building materials

39. Destruction of coastal dunes for building sites
Which is not a way human interference with natural shore processes has caused considerable coastal erosion?
Destruction of coastal dunes for building sites
Altering barrier islands by human use
Building coastal engineering structures
Building seawalls to protect property
Improperly attaching building materials
Answer: E
Diff: 4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Global Sci Out: 2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills
Section: 11.8 – Human Interaction with Coastal Processes
Earth Science LO: 8.3 – Human activities can contribute to the frequency and intensity of some natural hazards.

40. Which is not a way to minimize the effects of coastal hazards?
Build groins
Beach nourishment
Replace vegetation with sand
Build seawalls
Build breakwaters and jetties

41. Which is not a way to minimize the effects of coastal hazards?
Build groins
Beach nourishment
Replace vegetation with sand
Build seawalls
Build breakwaters and jetties
Answer: C
Diff: 4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Global Sci Out: 2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills
Section: 11.9 – Minimizing the Effects of Coastal Hazards
Earth Science LO: 8.7 – Humans cannot eliminate natural hazards, but can engage in activities that reduce their impacts.

42. Why may seawalls not be the best way to minimize the effect of coastal hazards?
They only work well at the base of cliffs.
All of these are reason they may not be the best to minimize coastal hazard effect.
They help with beach preservation.
They generally cause environmental and aesthetic degradation.
They cost more than any other structure.

43. They only work well at the base of cliffs.
Why may seawalls not be the best way to minimize the effect of coastal hazards?
They only work well at the base of cliffs.
All of these are reason they may not be the best to minimize coastal hazard effect.
They help with beach preservation.
They generally cause environmental and aesthetic degradation.
They cost more than any other structure.
Answer: D
Diff: 4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Global Sci Out: 2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills
Section: 11.9 – Minimizing the Effects of Coastal Hazards
Earth Science LO: 8.7 – Humans cannot eliminate natural hazards, but can engage in activities that reduce their impacts.

44. Which of the following is a form of soft stabilization?
Beach nourishment
Jetties
Breakwaters
Seawalls
Groins

45. Which of the following is a form of soft stabilization?
Beach nourishment
Jetties
Breakwaters
Seawalls
Groins
Answer: A
Diff: 3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Global Sci Out: 2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills
Section: 11.9 – Minimizing the Effects of Coastal Hazards
Earth Science LO: 8.7 – Humans cannot eliminate natural hazards, but can engage in activities that reduce their impacts.

46. What is the best adjustment for shorelines with strong currents?
Mitigate strong currents
Harden the shoreline
Develop on vegetated coastal areas
Education about the hazards
All of the answers are equally effective.

47. What is the best adjustment for shorelines with strong currents?
Mitigate strong currents
Harden the shoreline
Develop on vegetated coastal areas
Education about the hazards
All of the answers are equally effective.
Answer: C
Diff: 4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Global Sci Out: 2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills
Section: – Perception of and Adjustment to Coastal Hazards
Earth Science LO: 8.8 – An Earth-science-literate public is essential for reducing risks from natural hazards.

48. Which is a principle of coastal zone development?
Any shoreline construction causes change.
All of these are principles of coastal zone development.
Stabilization of the coastal zone through engineering structures protects property, not the beach itself.
Coastal erosion is a natural process rather than a natural hazard.
Engineering structures designed to protect a beach may eventually destroy it.

49. Which is a principle of coastal zone development?
Any shoreline construction causes change.
All of these are principles of coastal zone development.
Stabilization of the coastal zone through engineering structures protects property, not the beach itself.
Coastal erosion is a natural process rather than a natural hazard.
Engineering structures designed to protect a beach may eventually destroy it.
Answer: B
Diff: 4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Global Sci Out: 2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills
Section: – Perception of and Adjustment to Coastal Hazards
Earth Science LO: 8.8 – An Earth-science-literate public is essential for reducing risks from natural hazards.