Chapter 17 Part 3 Pages 578-589. Terms to Know Dougalas MacArthur Chester Nimitz Battle of Midway Kamikazi Robert Oppenheimer Hiroshima Nagasaki Nuremberg.

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 17 Part 3 Pages

Terms to Know Dougalas MacArthur Chester Nimitz Battle of Midway Kamikazi Robert Oppenheimer Hiroshima Nagasaki Nuremberg Trials

War in the Pacific Island Hopping General MacArthur Admiral Nimitz Pearl Harbor wiped our U.S. Pacific fleet BUT submarines and aircraft carriers okay

Japan after Pearl Harbor First 6 months expanded its empire: Most of China British Hong Kong French Indochina Malaya Burma Thailand

More Japanese expansion In the Pacific Dutch East Indies Guam Wake Island Solomon Islands

The Philippines MacArthur commanded 80,000 American and Filipino troops in March of 1942 MacArthur: I shall return

April 1942 Colonel Doolittle 16 bombers raided Tokyo and other Japanese cities Pearl Harbor style

May 1942 Battle of Coral Sea Americans and Australians stopped a Japanese drive to Australia The first time a Japanese invasion was stopped 5-day battle

Battle of Midway Southwest of Hawaii Americans were ready because we broke the Japanese code Admiral Nimitz commander of American troops in thje Pacific Japanese losses: 250 planes, 4 aircraft carriers

Midway was the turning point Code talkers: Navajo language Could not be broken Had no written language

Code talkers video 8ZUA

The American Offensive Guadalcanal August ,000 American troops Called Island of Death Paved the way for MacArthur’s return to the Philippines (October 1944)

The Japanese kefensive Iwo Jima August 1942 Japanese fuel issues Kamikaze Pilots…suicide pilots Means “diving wind” 16 U.S. ships sunk, 80 damaged by 424 Kamikaze attacks in the Philippines

Iwo Jima

Sulfur Island…Volcanic rock…smelly Was critical to launching attack on Japan Was the most well-defended place on earth 20,700 Japanese troops oin tunnels and caves Only 200 survived

OkanawaApril Kamikaze attacks More than 600 American lives lost 110,000 Japanese lives lost 2 Japanese Generals committed Hari Kari rather than surrender

Clearly The Japanese would fight to the very end An attack on Japan would cost America dearly in terms of potential loss of life

Pacific Map

The Manhattan Project Oppenheimer…headed the project (science) General Groves in charge of security Over 600,000 Americans worked on the project (bombs or fuel) but very few knew what they were really working on

Cost 1 Billion dollars For three bombs and fuel One Plutonium and 2 Uraniam bombs

Trinity The test July 16, 1945 in Alamogordo, NM be+video+trinity+bomb&FORM=VIRE5#view= detail&mid=B6D30E58B5AA8E396B38B6D30E 58B5AA8E396B38

Trinity +Test+Soldiers&Form=VQFRVP#view=detail& mid=49803D0E38BFE2E527DE49803D0E38BF E2E527DE

Truman’s Decision American generals had advised Truman that traditional fighting would cost an additional million American lives When he was told about the successful test of Trinity, he sent out the Potsdam Declaration

The Potsdam, Declaration Radio broadcasts Leaflets Surrender immediately and have a fairly easy occupation or face prompt and utter destruction Japan thought it was a bluff

Hiroshima August 6, 1945 Pilot: Tibbets and the Enola Gay 66,000 killed immediately 69,000 days later from burns, radiation poisoning

Japan still did not surrender Nagasaki August 9, 1945 Results similar to Hiroshima Formal surrender ceremonies on the Missouri September 2, 1946

Ma Hiroshima ztE

Rebuilding The Yalta Conference The Big Three Churchill, FDR, Stalin Aka The Sellout at Yalta Agreed that Germany would be occupied Agreed that Russia would occupy Eastern Europe..temporarily until free elections were held

Yalta Agreed to a United Nations Agreed to an unconditional surrender Agreed to a free Korea Agreed to the Nuremberg Trials Tried to get Stalin to enter the war against Japan

The Nuremberg Trials 24 surviving Nazi leaders were tried for crimes against humanity 12 were executed, others imprisoned Later other trials (200+) INDIVIDUALS WERE HELD RESPONSIBLE FOR THEIR OWN ACTIONS EVEN IN WAR

Japanese occupation MacArthur with occupational troops Occupation lasted 7 years New Constitution Democracy taught in schools Economic recovery (electronics were big) Women’s suffrage and more rights The Emperor remained but not divine.