Unit 2: The American Revolution SS8H3: Students will analyze the role of Georgia in the American Revolution

1. French and Indian War  French and Native Americans vs. the English ( )  Fought over land  English won: gained Canada and all land west of the Mississippi River  HUGELY expensive for English  Colonists fought, hoping to be paid in land

2. Result of the War for colonists  Colonists unhappy: Parliament wanted colonists to pay off England’s war debt  King George III issued the Proclamation of 1763: –Stopped colonists from settling West of Mississippi River  Reasons- England wanted to avoid another costly war with Native Americans (England was broke)

3.Taxes…  Colonial governments were previously in charge of taxes  Parliament stepped in- issued taxes to help pay war debt  Colonists very upset

4. Stamp Act  Parliament taxed items used by everyone: newspapers, licenses, legal documents  Colonists not upset about taxes—they were upset because they were being taxed without being represented in Parliament  “NO TAXATION WITHOUT REPRESENTATION!!”

5. Violence ensues…  Colonists (especially up North) often: –attacked or tar-and-feathered British tax collectors –Attacked homes of British officials –Formed the Sons of Liberty, an organized rebellious group

Reactions of colonists to Stamp Act

6. Boston Tea Party  Sons of Liberty- Patriot rebels who wanted to disrupt British rule –1773: Destroyed British tea supplies in protest of taxes –$1.7 million in tea losses for British –British response:  Passed the Intolerable Acts to punish colonists  Shut down Boston Harbor until tea was paid for  First official act of defiance from colonists

7. Intolerable Acts  Punishment for colonists –Quartering Act: Required colonists to provide food and shelter to British troops, at colonist’s expense –All political meetings amongst colonists were banned

8. Results of Intolerable Acts  Unified colonial leaders –Most now believed something radical must be done –Believed the British had now officially violated their rights as British colonists

9. First Continental Congress  12 colony’s sent representatives to Philadelphia in 1774 because of their outrage –Agreed to boycott all British goods –All pledged military aid to Massachusetts if British attacked them  GA only colony not to send representative (relied heavily on trade with England)

Discussion  What options do you believe the colonial leaders had when discussing what to do about Britain?  Why do you think they finally decided to separate from England? What would be the pros and cons of becoming their own country?

10. Declaration of Independence  Drafted by Thomas Jefferson- adopted on July 4 th, 1776  A document that tells Britain that the colonies are now their own country and are no longer under British control  3 GA signees: –Button Gwinnett –Lyman Hall –George Walton

11. Preamble  First part of Declaration  Declares that all men are created equal (debatable) and that there are certain rights that cannot be denied –Life –Liberty –Pursuit of happiness

12. 2 nd and 3 rd Parts  2 nd part: list of grievances (complaints) about British rule  3 rd part: official declaration that the colonies (now U.S.A.) are no longer a part of British Empire (severed ties with mother country)

Quick Response  Obviously, the Americans eventually won the Revolutionary War and formed their own, self-governed country. What do you think might have happened had Britain won the war instead?

13. Loyalist vs. Patriot  Loyalist- loyal to Britain; opposes the American Revolution and Declaration of Independence  Patriot- supporter of Declaration of Independence; wants to self-govern

14. Skirmishes lead to War  Fights are breaking out constantly between British troops and colonial militias  Finally, these skirmishes lead to a full-on war  Colonies (now states) are waging war on the most powerful country of the time period (Britain)

15. Fighting  Fighting is mostly done in the northern colonies (now states)  Only occasionally do the battles venture into the south

Class Discussion  Why do you think most battles are fought in the north, and not the south? Think of what’s in the north (and who) and what’s in the south.

16. Battle of Kettle Creek  February 14 th, 1779  GA militia, led by Elijah Clarke, attacked a British camp of 600 soldiers  Victory for patriots: –raised morale of GA militia –Gave them needed supplies

Battle of Kettle Creek

17. Elijah Clarke  Led the GA militia during the Battle of Kettle Creek  Became a war hero for his attack on British Loyalists

18. Austin Dabney  Slave who fought in the Battle of Kettle Creek  Fought in place of his master/owner  Very unusual for the South: –For his bravery:  State of GA bought his freedom  Got over 160 acres of land from GA  Paid every month for wounds he received while fighting

19. Nancy Hart  Very sketchy stories about what she did  Most common story: –She’s famous for killing several loyalist soldiers who tried to Quarter in her home –Became a spy for the Patriots –Rumored to have fought in the Battle of Kettle Creek

Dabney and Hart

20. Siege of Savannah  Massive failure for the Patriots  Savannah (a major port city) had been held by the British when the revolution began  Patriots and French tried to take it back in 1779  Failed miserably: after 5 days, 800 Patriots soldiers dead, 18 British soldiers dead  Made GA the only colony to be re-taken by the British during the War

Siege of Savannah

American Revolution Project Choices –All choices include a presentation piece, beyond the project choice itself  American Revolution- Assassin’s Creed  Newspaper  American Revolution Trading Cards Game  American Revolution Model Battlefield  Research Paper