US Diplomacy between 1919 and 1941 Using your textbook, the AMSCO AP US History review book and the information in the next few slides, complete the assignment.

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Presentation transcript:

US Diplomacy between 1919 and 1941 Using your textbook, the AMSCO AP US History review book and the information in the next few slides, complete the assignment handout.

US Diplomatic Decisions – 1919 to 1941 Analyze the potential consequences of these decisions in light of international events during this period in history: ► Nov 1919: US Senate rejected Versailles Treaty and League of Nations ► “Return to Normalcy”:  DIPLOMATIC ISOLATIONISM  Independent Internationalism ► “RED SCARE” – fear of communism and anarchism in US (1919 and 1920) ► Immigration Restrictions  Emergency Quota Act (1921), Immigration Act of 1924 ► Washington Naval Conferences ( )  4 power pact (Imperialism in Asia)  5 power pact (Navies-5:5:3:1.67:1.67)  9 power pact (Open Door in China) ► The Dawes Plan (1924) – US “bailout” for Germany ► Kellogg-Briand Pact – 1928 ► Fordney-McCumber Tariff (1922) and Hawley-Smoot Tariff (1930) ► 1931: Japan invaded Manchuria  Stimson Doctrine: US would not recognize a nation’s acquisition of land by use of force ► 1932: Lausanne Conference: Suspended loan repayments and reparations

After Hitler’s Rise to Power Is there a “hidden agenda” of US diplomacy? US Foreign Policy Responses After Hitler’s Rise to Power Is there a “hidden agenda” of US diplomacy? ► 1933: Good Neighbor Policy (Herbert Hoover’s idea…)  To improve relations damaged by “big stick policy” in Latin America ► 1933: Diplomatic recognition of the USSR  Diplomatic relations between the US and USSR begin for the first time. ► 1933: London Conference  to stabilize world economies; US decided not to participate ► 1934: Tydings-McDuffie Act  Philippines independence by ► 1934: Reciprocal Trade Act  Reduced the US tariff if its international trading partners did the same. ► : The Nye Commission  Government committee that concluded US involvement in WW 1 was caused by “war profiteers” (“Merchants of Death”) who traded with belligerents between 1914 and  US would not make the same mistake twice…

US Diplomatic Responses to Global Aggression: ► ► 1935: Italian invasion of Ethiopia:   Nye Report is issued, 1 st NEUTRALITY ACT (arms embargo on belligerents) ► ► 1936: Germany retakes the Rhineland, and Spanish Civil War begins:   2 nd NEUTRALITY ACT (added: no loans to belligerents) ► ► 1937: Japanese invasion of China and “Panay Incident”:   3 rd NEUTRALITY ACT (added: no trade without “cash and carry”)   QUARANTINE speech (plus: “moral embargo”) ► ► 1938: Austrian “Anschluss”, Rome-Berlin Axis, Anti-Comintern Pact, the Sudetenland and Czechoslovakia: NO DIPLOMATIC MOVES BY US ► ► 1938: The Ludlow Resolution: a national referendum on declaration of war ► ► 1939: September 1: Germany invaded Poland and the USSR occupied Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia and Finland AND it’s “part” of Eastern Poland:   “America First Committee”: strong isolationist “pressure” group   4 th NEUTRALITY ACT (lifted arms embargo on cash and carry basis)   Pan-American Conference: Declaration of Panama

June 1940 to June 1941: The War and US ‘Neutrality’ Continue... ► ► Alien Registration Act (June)   all resident aliens had to be registered with the US Government; had to explain their political beliefs to US officials. ► ► Pan-American Conference: Declaration of Havana (July)   “Aggression against one nation in the Western Hemisphere was aggression against all”. ► ► Selective Service Act (September)   peace-time military draft ► ► Destroyers for Bases (September)   GB got US naval destroyers, US got use of British naval bases around the world ► ► Lend-Lease Act (December)   US supplied nations fighting fascism (included USSR)-US became the “arsenal of democracy” ► ► The Four Freedoms Speech (January ‘41)   Freedom of speech/expression, freedom of worship, freedom from want, freedom from fear. ► ► ABC-1 Talks (January-March ‘41)   Secret meetings between FDR and British PM Winston Churchill. Defeating Germany was the priority if the war became “two theater” war. (“Europe first” or “Get Hitler First” strategy) ► ► The ATLANTIC CHARTER (July 1941)

July 1941: The Atlantic Charter July 1941: The Atlantic Charter US and GB “secret war aims” 1. No territorial gains were to be sought by USA or Britain. 2. Pledge to liberate AXIS-occupied lands; 3. “Territorial adjustments must be in accordance with the wishes of the peoples concerned”; 4. Trade barriers were to be lowered; 5. Promote global economic cooperation and advancement of social welfare; 6. Freedom from want and fear; 7. Freedom of the seas; 8. Disarmament of aggressor nations; postwar common disarmament.  How can these provisions be enforced?  Does this look familiar to you?