1. American Foreign Policy: 1930-1941

2. FDR Recognizes the Soviet Union (late 1933) 5 FDR - bolster the US against Japan. 5 Trade w/ USSR- help economy during the Depression.

3. Stalin- USSR - Communism Stalin - Mini- Bio

4. Gulag

5. Hyper-Inflation in Germany: 1923

6. Fascism- nation over the individual, dictatorship w/ an emphasis on a strong military Mussolini - Italy mini-bio

8. Mein Kampf, Nazi, Economy Adolf Hitler - Germany mini-bio

9. FascismSimilaritiesCommunism Extreme nationalisminternationalism Economiccapitalist, protect private prop, state can direct economy No private prop – state directs economy MilitaryShow superiority of the nation Overthrow all nations – put system in SocialControl all aspects of life - totalitarianism

10. Fascist Aggression 5 1935: Hitler denounced the Versailles Treaty & League of Nations [re-arming!] Mussolini attacks Ethiopia. 5 1936: German troops sent into the Rhineland. Fascist forces sent to fight with Franco in Spain. 5 1938: Austrian Anschluss. Rome-Berlin Tokyo Pact [AXIS] Munich Agreement  APPEASEMENT! 5 Sudetenland 5 Neville Chamberlain 5

11. So much aggression it takes 2 slides 5 1939: German troops march into the rest of Czechoslovakia. - Hitler-Stalin Non-Aggression Pact. 5 September 1, 1939: German troops march into Poland  blitzkrieg  WW II begins

12. Blitzkrieg 5check it outcheck it out

13. The appeasement of Hitler continued with the Munich Pact. Britain and France sacrificed the Sudetenland to Germany in return for peace. But peace was not to come. British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain and Hitler in Munich

14. German Aggression, 1936–1941

15. Nye Committee Hearings (1934-1936) 5 The Nye Committee I investigated the charge that WW I was needless and the US entered so munitions owners could make big profits [“merchants of death.”] 5 The Committee did charge that bankers wanted war to protect their loans & arms manufacturers to make money. 5 Claimed that Wilson had provoked Germany by sailing in to warring nations’ waters. 5 Resulted in Congress passing several Neutrality Acts. Senator Gerald P. Nye [R-ND]

16. FDR’s “I hate war” Speech (1936)

17. Neutrality Acts: 1935, 1936, 1937 5 Learn lessons from WWI  no sales of arms to belligerent nations.  no loans/credits to belligerent nations.  Forbade US cit. to travel on ships of nations at war  “cash-and-carry”  pay in cash, pick it up  Banned involvement in the Spanish Civil War. 5 limited the options of the POTUS in a crisis. 5US declined to build up its forces!

18. US Neutrality

19. Franco – Spain – Fascism

21. Spanish Civil War (1936- 1939) The American “Lincoln Brigade”

22. 1939 Neutrality Act 5 Germany’s invasion of Poland. 5 aids European democracies in a limited way 5Results of the 1939 Neutrality Act:  Aggressors could not send ships to buy US munitions.  The US economy improves 5America becomes the “Arsenal of Democracy”

23. 1940 Election – What is the significance?

24. Unneutral Neutrality 5Selective Service Act  1 st peacetime draft in US History 5Destroyers for Bases Agreement  US Destroyers => GB  GB Bases => US

25. “America First” Committee Charles Lindbergh

26. “Lend-Lease” Act (1941) – sell/lend war supplies to any country that was vital to safety of US Great Britain.........................$31 billion Soviet Union...........................$11 billion France......................................$ 3 billion China.......................................$1.5 billion Other European.................$500 million South America...................$400 million The amount totaled: $48,601,365,000

28. Winston Churchill - GB Mini-bio

29. Quotes of Winnie I may be drunk, Miss, but in the morning I will be sober and you will still be ugly.” Lady Astor: “Winston, if I were your wife I’d put poison in your coffee.” Winston Churchill: “Nancy, if I were your husband I’d drink it.” Never in the field of human conflict was so much owed by so many to so few

30. Atlantic Charter 51. not pursue terr. Expansion 52.right to choose own gov’t 53.international trade 54. to raw materials 55. be disarmed 56. rid the world of fear & poverty 5BASIS FOR THE UNITED NATIONS

32. Roosevelt’s Four Freedoms Speech All of these freedoms, he argued, were threatened by German and Japanese militarism. freedom of speech freedom of worship freedom from want freedom from fear He highlighted four freedoms precious to Americans.

33. Hitler’s Biggest Mistake – Invasion of Russia

34. Japanese Attack Manchuria (1931 ) 5 League of Nations condemned the action. 5 Japan leaves the League. 5 Hoover wanted no part in an American military action in the Far East.

35. Prime Minister Tojo

36. Emperor Hirohito

37. Japanese Expansion, 1931-1939 Japan invaded Manchuria, then China. “Rape of Nanjing”

38. Panay Incident (1937) 5 Japan bombed USS Panay gunboat & three Standard Oil tankers on the Yangtze River. 5 Japan apologized, paid US an indemnity, and promised no further attacks. 5 Most Americans were satisfied with the apology. 5 Results  Japanese interpreted US tone as a license for further aggression against US interests.

39. French Indochina - 1941 5FDR – froze all Japanese assets in US 5Embargo  Gas  Machine tools  Scrap iron  steel