1. Franklin Roosevelt’s Policies, 1933- 1938 The Great Depression resulted in mostly isolationism during his 1 st term.

2. Good-Neighbor Policy 1933: Roosevelt promised a “policy of the good neighbor” toward other nations of the Western Hemisphere Sought Latin America’s cooperation in defending the region from potential danger of Germany and Italy – Pan-American Conferences – Cuba: Congress nullified the Platt Amendment and only retained Guantanamo Bay – Mexico seized oil properties held by U.S. companies and Roosevelt did not intervene; only helped to negotiate settlements

3. Economic Diplomacy London Economic Conference (1933) – Roosevelt withdrew support after proposals were made to stabilize currencies Recognition of the Soviet Union – Wanted to increase trade and boost economy Philippines – Tydings-McDuffie Act (1934) – Gradual removal of U.S. – Complete independence by 1946 Reciprocal Trade Agreements – Lowered tariffs – President given power to reduce tariffs by 50% for nations that reciprocated

4. Events Abroad Fascism and Aggressive Militarism – Italy – Germany – Japan

5. American Isolationists U.S. was nationalistic, but expressed itself differently than the fascists and militarists Revisionist History of WWI – 1930’s belief that the U.S. entry into WWI had been a mistake Neutrality Acts – 1935: authorized the president to prohibit all arms shipments and forbade U.S. citizens to travel on ships of belligerent nations – 1936: forbade loans to belligerents – Forbade shipment of arms to opposing sides in the civil war in Spain America First Committee – 1940: Isolationists worried about FDR’s pro-British policies – Speakers like Charles Lindbergh traveled country warning about the dangers of joining the war

6. Prelude to War Appeasement – Ethiopia, 1935 – Rhineland, 1936 – China, 1937 – Sudetenland, 1938 U.S. Response – Roosevelt’s Quarantine Speech – FDR dropped ideas due to isolationist opposition Preparedness – Arms Build-Up

7. From Neutrality to War, 1939-1941 Invasion of Poland Blitzkrieg Changing U.S. Policy – “Cash and Carry” – Selective Service Act (1940) – Destroyers-for-bases Deal

8. The Election of 1940 Wendell Willkie (R) Results – FDR won for 3 rd time with 54% of popular vote – Why did he win? Strong economic recovers due to arms buildup Fear of war by voters, so stuck with experience leader

9. Arsenal of Democracy FDR’s Four Freedoms Speech – Committed to Freedom of speech Freedom of religion Freedom from want Freedom from fear Lend-Lease Act Atlantic Charter – Affirmed peace objectives at end of war Self-determination No territorial expansion Free trade Shoot-on-Sight

10. Disputes with Japan U.S. Economic Action – Froze Japanese assets in U.S. – Cut off access to U.S. materials, including oil Negotiations Pearl Harbor – Partial Surprise – Declaration of War